Figure 3
SB attenuated macrophage infiltration and various macrophage markers. (a) Plot of F4/80 immunohistochemistry staining areas of randomly acquired high-power field images. The bar graph in the right panel shows the quantifications of the stained area (n = 25 each). SB reduced relative expression of pan-macrophage markers (b) F4/80 and (c) Iba-1, M1 macrophage markers (d) CD80, (g) TNF-α, (h) IL-1β, (i) MCP-1, and (j) IL-6, M2 macrophage markers (e) CD163, (f) CD206, and (k) TGF-β, and contact molecule (n) ICAM-1 in the kidney (n = 3–10). HPRT was used as an internal control. Western blots and nitric oxide assays, respectively, showed that the abundance of the M1 macrophage marker (l) iNOS and (m) nitric oxide level was decreased following SB treatment (n = 6–10). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant. Each bar represents mean ± SEM. Iba-1, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; HPRT, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; SB, sodium benzoate.
