Table 4 The mean area of the cold regions (106 km2) and change rate (106 km2/10 a) in Russia, the United States, and Northeast China from 1901 to 2019.

From: Characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere cold regions changes from 1901 to 2019

Years

Russia

The United States

Northeast China

Area

Trend

Area

Trend

Area

Trend

1901–2019

15.633

− 0.074**

2.341

− 0.045**

0.912

− 0.014**

1901–1930

15.874

0.055

2.565

− 0.012

0.963

0.003

1931–1960

15.803

0.042

2.335

0.047

0.941

0.001

1961–1990

15.666

− 0.126

2.354

− 0.072

0.913

− 0.029

1991–2019

15.173

− 0.227**

2.101

− 0.072

0.826

− 0.012

  1. “*” and “**”: P < 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
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