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Figure 1

From: Non-optimal ambient temperatures aggravate insecticide toxicity and affect honey bees Apis mellifera L. gene regulation

Figure 1

Experimental design and timelines. One-day-old sister bees emerged in an incubator and were distributed into 27 cages (100 bees/cage). Imidacloprid treatments (5 ppb, 20 ppb) were administered through sugar syrup in triplicates. Caged bees were subjected to three different temperatures (26 °C, 32 °C, 38 °C). Bees were sampled five times throughout the 15-day experiment in addition to Time 0 sampling conducted on Day -2.

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