Table 2 Association between smoking exposure and risk of bronchial asthma at the age of 3 years.

From: Maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study

Quit before recognising current pregnancy

Number of cigarettes smoked per day

Number

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Duration of smoking (years)

Number

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Never

45,248

1.00

1.00

Never

45,248

1.00

1.00

0–5

6,022

1.19 (1.08–1.32)

1.13 (1.01–1.26)

0–5

7,507

1.21 (1.11–1.33)

1.12 (1.01–1.23)

6–10

6,665

1.10 (0.99–1.21)

1.08 (0.97–1.20)

6–10

6,215

1.13 (1.02–1.25)

1.10 (0.99–1.22)

 ≥ 11

4,717

1.16 (1.04–1.30)

1.09 (0.96–1.23)

 ≥ 11

3,680

1.05 (0.92–1.20)

1.07 (0.93–1.24)

Quit after finding out about current pregnancy

Number of cigarettes smoked per day

Number

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Duration of smoking (years)

Number

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Never

45,248

1.00

1.00

Never

45,248

1.00

1.00

0–5

1,842

1.24 (1.05–1.47)

1.12 (0.93–1.36)

0–5

1,315

1.28 (1.05–1.56)

1.14 (0.91–1.44)

6–10

3,967

1.38 (1.24–1.56)

1.27 (1.11–1.45)

6–10

2,875

1.36 (1.19–1.55)

1.13 (0.97–1.33)

 ≥ 11

3,166

1.15 (1.00–1.32)

0.99 (0.84–1.17)

 ≥ 11

4,786

1.22 (1.09–1.36)

1.15 (1.01–1.31)

Still smoke

Number of cigarettes smoked per day

Number

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Duration of smoking (years)

Number

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Never

45,248

1.00

1.00

Never

45,248

1.00

1.00

0–5

970

1.62 (1.31–2.00)

1.20 (0.93–1.54)

0–5

241

1.71 (1.13–2.57)

1.20 (0.71–2.05)

6–10

1,115

1.80 (1.49–2.17)

1.43 (1.14–1.80)

6–10

706

2.04 (1.62–2.55)

1.34 (1.02–1.77)

 ≥ 11

559

2.22 (1.74–2.84)

1.53 (1.13–2.06)

 ≥ 11

1,696

1.75 (1.50–2.04)

1.39 (1.15–1.68)

  1. cOR, crude odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Adjusted for partner's smoking status before birth, frequency of second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy, maternal history of bronchial asthma, maternal age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal educational level, child’s sex, gestational age at birth, mode of delivery, attendance to childcare facility at 1 year of age, breastfeeding at 1 year of age, and older siblings.