Table 4 Association between prenatal maternal smoking status and risk of bronchial asthma at the age of 3 years in participants without postnatal second-hand smoke exposure.

From: Maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study

 

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Maternal smoking status before birth

 Never

1.00

1.00

 Quit before recognising current pregnancy

1.17 (1.08–1.26)

1.12 (1.03–1.22)

 Quit after finding out current pregnancy

1.25 (1.12–1.39)

1.15 (1.02–1.30)

 Still smoke

1.93 (1.60–2.32)

1.40 (1.12–1.74)

  1. cOR, crude odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).
  2. Adjusted for partner’s smoking status before birth, frequency of second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy, maternal history of bronchial asthma, maternal age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal educational level, child’s sex, gestational age at birth, mode of delivery, attendance to childcare facility at 1 year of age, breastfeeding at 1 year of age, and older siblings.
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