Table 3 Crude and adjusted hazard ratios of gout for Parkinson’s disease with subgroup analyses stratified based on covariates.

From: Longitudinal follow-up study of the association with gout and Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease in Korea

Independent variables and subgroup

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years

Incidence rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval)

Hazard ratio for Parkinson’s disease (95% confidence interval)

Crude†

P-value

Adjusted†‡

P-value

Total participants (n = 90,395)

 Gout

1.56

0.24 (− 0.01 to 0.49)

1.18 (0.99–1.41)

0.057

1.16 (0.97–1.38)

0.100

 Control

1.32

 

1

 

1

 

Age < 60 (n = 47,225)

 Gout

0.56

0.22 (0.05 to 0.39)

1.63 (1.11–2.40)

0.013*

1.55 (1.04–2.31)

0.032*

 Control

0.35

 

1

 

1

 

Age ≥ 60 (n = 43,170)

 Gout

3.08

0.27 (− 0.30 to 0.84)

1.10 (0.91–1.33)

0.340

1.07 (0.88–1.31)

0.492

 Control

2.81

 

1

 

1

 

Men (n = 72,450)

 Gout

1.47

0.18 (− 0.10 to 0.45)

1.13 (0.93–1.38)

0.209

1.14 (0.93–1.39)

0.207

 Control

1.30

 

1

 

1

 

Women (n = 17,945)

 Gout

1.95

0.52 (− 0.09 to 1.12)

1.37 (0.95–1.97)

0.087

1.28 (0.89–1.86)

0.188

 Control

1.44

 

1

 

1

 

Underweight (n = 2050)

 Gout

4.14

1.73 (− 1.32 to 4.78)

1.70 (0.65–4.47)

0.282

1.37 (0.49–3.88)

0.551

 Control

2.41

 

1

 

1

 

Normal weight (n = 29,706)

 Gout

1.59

0.18 (− 0.32 to 0.68)

1.12 (0.80–1.57)

0.491

1.05 (0.75–1.48)

0.758

 Control

1.41

 

1

 

1

 

Overweight (n = 25,119)

 Gout

1.78

0.64 (0.18 to 1.10)

1.56 (1.13–2.14)

0.007*

1.41 (1.02–1.95)

0.037*

 Control

1.14

 

1

 

1

 

Obese (n = 33,520)

 Gout

1.35

0.05 (− 0.32 to 0.42)

1.04 (0.79–1.37)

0.786

0.99 (0.75–1.31)

0.966

 Control

1.31

 

1

 

1

 

SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg (n = 64,040)

 Gout

1.42

0.23 (− 0.06 to 0.53)

1.20 (0.95–1.50)

0.121

1.15 (0.91–1.45)

0.237

 Control

1.19

 

1

 

1

 

SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg (n = 26,355)

 Gout

1.79

0.17 (− 0.29 to 0.63)

1.10 (0.85–1.44)

0.464

1.16 (0.88–1.51)

0.293

 Control

1.62

 

1

 

1

 

Fasting blood glucose < 100 mg/dL (n = 54,277)

 Gout

1.50

0.23 (− 0.08 to 0.54)

1.18 (0.94–1.48)

0.143

1.12 (0.89–1.41)

0.331

 Control

1.27

 

1

 

1

 

Fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (n = 36,118)

 Gout

5.76

4.11 (3.62 to 4.59)

1.17 (0.89–1.54)

0.248

1.20 (0.91–1.57)

0.201

Control

1.65

 

1

 

1

 

Total cholesterol < 200 mg/dL (n = 49,692)

 Gout

1.72

0.28 (− 0.08 to 0.65)

1.20 (0.95–1.51)

0.126

1.14 (0.90–1.44)

0.274

 Control

1.43

 

1

 

1

 

Total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL (n = 40,703)

 Gout

1.41

0.22 (− 0.12 to 0.55)

1.18 (0.91–1.53)

0.207

1.15 (0.88–1.50)

0.302

 Control

1.19

 

1

 

1

 
  1. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure. *Stratified or unstratified cox proportional hazard regression model, Significance at P < 0.05. †Matched model based one age, sex, income, and residential area. ‡Adjusted for obesity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and Alzheimer’s disease.
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