Table 2 Comparison of each measurement item between baseline and follow-up values.
From: Effects of tongue right positioner use on tongue pressure: a pilot study
Measurements (n = 8) | Baseline | Follow-up | P value | Effect size (r) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D | Median (interquartile range) | Mean ± S.D | Median (interquartile range) | ||||
TPa | 23.0 ± 13.4 | 19.0 (14.1–38.1) | 31.5 ± 13.1 | 37.8 (22.5–40.3) | 0.034* | 0.84 | |
ODK | /pa/b | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 4.8 (4.0–6.0) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 4.6 (4.0–6.6) | 0.285 | 0.45 |
/ta/a | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 4.8 (3.6–6.6) | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4.6 (3.9–5.7) | 0.668 | 0.27 | |
/ka/a | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.2 (2.8–6.1) | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.0 (2.8–6.1) | 0.172 | 0.53 | |
PNIFa | 95.8 ± 48.4 | 78.3 (55.8–114.2) | 122.1 ± 58.6 | 115.8 (73.8–147.1) | 0.197 | 0.48 | |
Ultrasonographic assessment | CSA of GHb | 174.9 ± 14.7 | 178.8 (175.1–182.6) | 181.2 ± 24.0 | 188.0 (174.4–194.5) | 0.484 | 0.25 |
Thickness of tonguea | 30.5 ± 3.9 | 30.4 (28.5–33.7) | 29.8 ± 3.4 | 30.6 (28.2–33.7) | 0.588 | 0.21 | |
