Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Comparative study of three plant-derived extracts as new management strategies against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Figure 3

Malformations of S. littoralis adults affected by applications on larval stage. Control: normal adult (A). Adults resulting from larvae treated with 1 and 2 mg/L novaluron (B & C), with short, undeveloped legs and wings. Adults resulting from larvae treated with 2 and 5 mg/L S. terebinthifolius (D), which were unable to remove the old exoskeleton (exuvium) and (E) with abnormal and conjoined wings. Adults resulting from larvae treated with 2 and 5 mg/L S. babylonica (F), with head and mouthparts not completely molted, (G) with shrunken, folded, and undeveloped wings and preserved pupal head and mouthparts.

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