Figure 2
From: Data driven pathway analysis and forecast of global warming and sea level rise
(a) Full hypothesized unified structural equation model (uSEM), and (b) the confirmed uSEM with significant pathways selected in unison by two variable selection methods—the system-wise regularized uSEM (RuSEM) approach and the equation-wise stepwise variable selection based on each ARDL model. Climate Factors included (from left top to right bottom) are: Global Specific Humidity (Humidity), Global Warming Potential (GWP), Sunspot Number (SSN), Global Mean Surface Temperature with sea ice area measured by air above sea ice (GMST), Arctic Sea Ice August Extent (Sea Ice), Glaciers and Ice Sheets Mass Balance (Mass), and Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL). In (a), the full hypothesized path model with all conceivable directed paths not contradictory to common sense as depicted by the black arrows. In (b), the final path model identified, significant positive or negative pathways are labeled with red or blue arrows with the corresponding path coefficients and p-values (in parentheses, 1-sided) labeled, while grey dashed arrows represent insignificant pathways at the significant level of 0.05 (1-sided).
