Figure 2
From: Neural oscillatory characteristics of feedback-associated activity in globus pallidus interna
Activity dynamics of frequency bands in dystonia and Parkinson's disease during the IED task. (A) Cluster corrected time–frequency amplitude spectrum of dystonia (left) and PD (right) patients during correct and incorrect trials. Immediately after receiving feedback, a significant cluster of high gamma activity (permutation test; P < 0.05) is observed in the dystonia patient during correct and incorrect trials. In contrast, no significant cluster was observed in the same time–frequency window in the PD patient. A significant cluster is observable in the PD patient around 600 ms in the theta-alpha and beta frequency bands, most likely due to the pathophysiology of the disease. (B) Average high gamma amplitude time series for the dystonia and PD patient shows that high gamma burst is significant in the dystonia patient (permutation test; P < 0.05), marked by the black bar above the plot. (C) Average high gamma amplitudes were calculated for the correct and incorrect trials in the [0, 200] ms time window. Bar plots of average amplitudes showed no difference between correct and incorrect trials in both dystonia and the PD patient. (D) Averaged theta-alpha amplitude in the dystonia and PD patients. The PD patients displayed enhanced low frequency activity in time windows after the feedback (permutation test; P < 0.05) marked by the black bar above the plot. Furthermore, a comparison of average amplitudes in correct and incorrect trials ([0, 200]ms for dystonia and [500, 1000] ms for the PD patient) revealed a significantly higher theta-alpha activity in both patients during the incorrect trials (permutation test; P < 0.05). (E) Averaged beta amplitude time series in the dystonia and PD patients. The PD patients displayed enhanced beta frequency activity after the feedback (permutation test; P < 0.05) marked by the black bar above the plot. No difference between correct and incorrect trials ([500 1000]ms for both patients) in both dystonia and PD patients was seen. To avoid potential bias effects related to the treatment medication, only the activity from the off-med PD patient was utilized in this figure. Time 0 corresponds to the feedback onset in all panels. Time windows for amplitude averaging were chosen based on panel A regions where significant activity was observed in the targeted frequency band.
