Figure 5
Effects of VVs on porcine embryo apoptosis. (A) Day-7 zona-free embryos (n = 20, 3 replicates) were cultured on in micro drops of culture medium in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 48 h. VVs of 2.6 × 106 particles/mL were supplemented to treatment group and compared with the control non-supplemented group. All groups were examined through TUNEL assay and contrasted with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain. Apoptotic nuclei showed green fluorescence signals (yellow arrows). Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) The graph shows the apoptosis percentage in the two groups, and values were compared using Student’s t-test. Value (mean ± SD) denoted by an asterisk (*) was considered statistically different (p < 0.05).
