Table 1 Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with thyroid cancers.
Variables | ATC/PDTC (n = 32) | DTC (n = 98) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PTC (n = 58) | FTC (n = 40) | |||
Clinical characteristics | ||||
 Age (years, mean ± SD) | 60.9 ± 18.7 | 44.2 ± 15.9 | 47.8 ± 15.5 |  < 0.001 |
   ≥ 55 | 21 (65.6) | 14 (24.1) | 27 (67.5) |  |
   < 55 | 11 (34.4) | 44 (75.9) | 13 (32.5) |  |
 Sex |  |  |  | 0.377 |
  Female | 25 (78.1) | 38 (65.5) | 30 (75.0 ) |  |
  Male | 7 (21.9) | 20 (34.5) | 10 (25.0) |  |
Radiologic characteristics | ||||
 Diameter (cm, mean ± SD) | 6.1 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.2 |  < 0.001 |
 Location |  |  |  | 0.092 |
  Right lobe | 12 (37.5) | 30 (51.7) | 15 (37.5) |  |
  Left lobe | 13 (40.6) | 22 (37.9) | 23 (57.5) |  |
  Bilateral | 7 (21.9) | 5 (8.6) | 1 (2.5) |  |
  Isthmus | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.5) |  |
Number of lobes with tumor involvement | Â | Â | Â | 0.017 |
 1 | 25 (78.1) | 53 (91.4) | 39 (97.5) |  |
 2 | 7 (21.9) | 5 (8.6) | 1 (2.5) |  |
Maximum tumor length (cm) | Â | Â | Â | 0.057 |
   < 4.0 | 7 (21.9) | 25 (43.1) | 16 (40.0) |  |
   ≥ 4.0 | 25 (78.1) | 33 (56.9) | 24 (60.0) |  |
 Tumor margin |  |  |  | 0.005 |
  Smooth | 14 (43.8) | 32 (55.2) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Non-smooth | 18 (56.3) | 26 (44.8) | 0 (0.0) |  |
  Tumor growth pattern |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Intra-thyroidal | 12 (37.5) | 33 (56.9) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Extra-thyroidal | 20 (62.5) | 25 (43.1) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Intra-tumor necrosis |  |  |  | 0.002 |
  Absent | 4 (12.5) | 27 (46.6) | 14 (35.0) |  |
  Present | 28 (87.5) | 31 (53.4) | 26 (65.0) |  |
 Calcification |  |  |  | 0.008 |
  Absent | 9 (28.1) | 24 (41.4) | 32 (80.0) |  |
  Present | 23 (71.9) | 34 (58.2) | 8 (20.0) |  |
 Organ invasion |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  None | 15 (46.9) | 49 (84.5) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Esophagus/trachea/larynx | 17 (53.1) | 9 (15.5) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Vascular invasion/encasement |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  None | 23 (71.9) | 56 (96.6) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Carotid/jugular vein | 9 (28.1) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Lymphadenopathy |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  None | 9 (28.1) | 21 (36.2) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Central (level VI) | 5 (15.6) | 13 (22.4) | 0 (0.0) |  |
  Ipsilateral (level II–V) | 12 (37.5) | 16 (27.6) | 0 (0.0) |  |
  Bilateral (level II–V) | 6 (18.8) | 8 (13.8) | 0 (0.0) |  |
  Retropharyngeal | 7 (21.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
  Mediastinal | 8 (25.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Nodal necrosis |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Absent | 15 (46.9) | 51 (87.9) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Present | 17 (53.1) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Nodal calcification |  |  |  | 0.032 |
  Absent | 28 (87.5) | 56 (96.6) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Present | 4 (12.5) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Vascular invasion/encasement |  |  |  | 0.001 |
  Absent | 26 (81.3) | 57 (98.3) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Present | 6 (18.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Distant metastasis at diagnosis |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Absent | 17 (53.1) | 58 (100.0) | 40 (100.0) |  |
  Present | 15 (46.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
