Table 1 Fourteen European cities focused on this study, values of bird species richness and the number of species in each different type of diet in the avian community, expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD).

From: Effects of light and noise pollution on avian communities of European cities are correlated with the species’ diet

City

Species richness (mean)

Species richness (SD)

Insectivorous sp. richness (mean)

Insectivorous sp. richness (SD)

Omnivorous sp. richness (mean)

Omnivorous sp. richness (SD)

Granivorous sp. richness (mean)

Granivorous sp. richness (SD)

Other type of diet sp. richness (mean)

Other type of diet sp. richness (SD)

Diet heterogeneity (mean)

Diet heterogeneity (SD)

N

Athens

9.938

3.783

3.278

1.807

2.856

1.451

2.825

1.155

0.979

0.946

1.165

0.201

100

Budapest

3.680

1.786

0.420

0.606

2

1.189

0.820

0.796

0.440

0.519

0.724

0.399

100

Granada

11.854

4.183

2.354

1.641

4.219

1.796

4.385

0.933

0.896

1

1.131

0.168

99

Groningen

6.188

2.607

1.822

1.260

2.743

1.553

0.842

0.717

0.782

0.820

0.979

0.299

101

Ioannina

5.929

3.179

1.535

1.296

2.434

1.611

1.485

0.952

0.475

0.560

0.966

0.336

100

Jyväskylä

3.294

1.513

1.549

1.174

0.510

0.625

0.676

0.647

0.559

0.623

0.707

0.400

102

Madrid

5.690

2.696

1.060

0.736

2.530

1.956

1.840

0.992

0.260

0.485

0.897

0.250

100

Pesaro

6.944

2.688

1.648

1.067

2.315

1.612

2.481

0.863

0.500

0.607

1.065

0.205

56

Poitiers

12.290

3.118

3.310

1.516

5.780

1.840

2.300

1

0.900

0.674

1.138

0.122

100

Poznan

6.510

2.476

1.820

1.351

2.540

1.396

1.510

0.990

0.640

0.798

1.041

0.220

100

Prague

7.813

3.265

2.286

1.491

3.348

1.691

1.205

0.892

0.973

0.729

1.092

0.234

120

Tartu

7.261

2.570

2.203

1.520

2.101

1.152

1.754

0.946

1.203

1.037

1.139

0.234

69

Toledo

7.379

3.067

1.653

1.244

2.516

1.501

2.905

1.203

0.305

0.637

0.995

0.247

100

Turku

3.871

2.008

1.158

1.102

1.257

1.083

0.812

0.644

0.644

0.657

0.829

0.458

102

Total

7.021

3.953

1.863

1.521

2.676

1.939

1.803

1.374

0.679

0.777

0.985

0.323

1349

  1. N: number of sampled sites.
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