Scientific Reports

Table 2 Non-motor symptoms associated with environmental factors in regression models.

From: Lifestyle factors and clinical severity of Parkinson’s disease

	Coffee			Aspirin			Smoking
	Yes/no	Dosage	Duration	Yes/no	Dosage	Duration	Yes/no	Dosage	Duration
Constipation
n	4917	3868	1977	2881	2743	548	5297	4221	880
p value	0.0970	0.9669	0.4438	0.0124	0.0037	0.6783	0.1994	0.2026	0.6233
β	− 0.1164	− 0.0001	0.0033	0.2077	0.0251	0.0033	0.0735	0.0039	0.0027
Unexplained pains
n	4917	3868	1977	2881	2743	548	5296	4221	880
p value	0.1623	0.0168	0.0883	0.0227	0.0320	0.8718	< 1 × 10^–5	0.0003	0.0134
β	0.1017	0.0083	0.0080	0.1961	0.0178	− 0.0013	0.2732	0.0114	0.0140
Problems remembering
n	4917	3868	1977	2881	2743	548	5296	4221	880
p value	0.9859	0.7212	0.5348	1 × 10^–5	0.0005	0.5864	0.0001	6 × 10^–5	0.0017
β	0.0012	0.0012	− 0.0027	0.3662	0.0295	0.0043	0.2176	0.0123	0.0176
Feeling sad
n	4914	3865	1976	2880	2742	548	5293	4218	880
p value	0.2517	0.0627	0.5381	0.0665	0.0344	0.4675	< 1 × 10^–5	< 1 × 10^–5	0.0470
β	0.0804	0.0063	0.0027	0.1537	0.0177	0.0058	0.3279	0.0152	0.0112
Anxiety
n	4914	3865	1976	2880	2742	548	5293	4218	880
p value	0.2199	0.1432	0.5958	0.2999	0.1574	0.8303	< 1 × 10^–5	< 1 × 10^–5	0.3910
β	0.0902	0.0052	0.0025	0.0920	0.0118	− 0.0018	0.3007	0.0161	0.0049
Changed interest in sex
n	4914	3865	1976	2880	2742	548	5293	4218	880
p value	0.1032	0.0505	0.6957	0.0221	0.0278	0.7925	0.0013	0.2351	0.0372
β	0.1227	0.0069	0.0018	0.2023	0.0184	0.0022	0.1959	0.0038	0.0123
Light-headedness
n	4913	3864	1976	2880	2742	548	5292	4217	880
p value	0.2808	0.0561	0.1935	0.0043	0.0060	0.5288	0.0005	0.0001	0.1326
β	0.0758	0.0064	− 0.0056	0.2380	0.0226	0.0050	0.2000	0.0117	0.0083

p value (exploratory): multivariate regression to predict the respective non-motor symptoms adjusted for covariates by including AAE, gender, and disease duration (time between AAO and current age) in the model.
Significant values are in [bold].

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