Table 4 Development of restrictive lung diseases by metabolically healthy status stratified by body mass index category.
From: Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity and the development of lung dysfunction
BMI category (kg/m2) | Person-years | Incident cases | Incidence rate (per 103 PY) | Age and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)a | HR (95% CI)b (in time-dependent model) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Restrictive lung disease | ||||||
Normal weight | ||||||
Metabolically healthy | 370,170.1 | 2426 | 6.6 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Metabolically unhealthy | 161,205.2 | 1543 | 9.6 | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | 1.16 (1.08–1.24) |
Overweight | ||||||
Metabolically healthy | 128,735.9 | 771 | 6.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Metabolically unhealthy | 148,916.8 | 1536 | 10.3 | 1.31 (1.20–1.43) | 1.35 (1.24–1.47) | 1.39 (1.26–1.52) |
Obesity | ||||||
Metabolically healthy | 92,426.4 | 674 | 7.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Metabolically unhealthy | 257,313.7 | 3093 | 12.0 | 1.34 (1.24–1.46) | 1.38 (1.27–1.50) | 1.49 (1.36–1.62) |
Obstructive lung disease | ||||||
Normal weight | ||||||
Metabolically healthy | 371,738.5 | 1687 | 4.5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Metabolically unhealthy | 161,477.4 | 1224 | 7.6 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) |
Overweight | ||||||
Metabolically healthy | 128,470.8 | 771 | 6.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Metabolically unhealthy | 148,775.8 | 1285 | 8.6 | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 0.92 (0.84–1.00) |
Obesity | ||||||
Metabolically healthy | 92,550.4 | 479 | 5.2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Metabolically unhealthy | 259,635.2 | 1494 | 5.8 | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) |
