Figure 7
From: A realized facilitation cascade mediated by biological soil crusts in a sagebrush steppe community
Flow diagram for interactions among biocrusts, Artemisia tridentata (center drawing), Festuca idahoensis (top drawing), and “other” grass species. Arrow width roughly represents the intensity of the interaction, black arrows indicate positive effects, red arrows represent negative effects, and the gray arrow represents a scale-dependent effect. Numbers designated the specific study component providing evidence, with * representing experimental evidence. 1* = biocrust removal experiment, 2 = strong spatial association of Artemisia seedlings with biocrust, 3 = spatial disassociation of Artemisia seedlings with adult Artemisia, 4* = Artemisia removal experiment, 5* = biocrust removal experiment, 6 = greenhouse experiment with and without biocrust, 7 = small-scale spatial disassociation of biocrusts with Artemisia, 8 = large-association of biocrusts with Artemisia, 9 = spatial disassociation of biocrusts with bunchgrass species as a group at large-scales, 10 = spatial disassociation between Artemisia and bunchgrass species as a group, 11 = spatial disassociation between Artemisia and bunchgrasses at large scales.
