Figure 3
From: Increasing peak intensity of tropical cyclones passing through the Korean Peninsula
Trend and variability of tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics in the Korean Peninsula (KP). (a), (b) Composite difference map in the peak TC intensity gridded into 2° × 2° horizontal resolution between Period 1 (1981–2002) and Period 2 (2003–2020) in June–August (JJA) and September–October (SO), respectively. The dots indicate significance at p < 0.05. The black contour line indicates the 250 km buffer zone away from the KP. (c) Timeseries of peak TC intensity in JJA (blue) and SO (black), respectively. The dashed lines indicate the mean values of peak TC intensity during Period 1 and Period 2, respectively. The inset statistics show the mean values of peak TC intensity during Period 1 (1981–2002) and Period 2 (2003–2020), and their difference, respectively. (d), (e) Timeseries of TC frequency and Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) in June–August (blue) and September–October (black), respectively. In d, the dashed line indicates the timeseries of TC frequency during SO from 1981 to 2020 based on KMA data. (f) Timeseries of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO, bar), East Asian subtropical jet stream index (black), and the Western North Pacific subtropical high zonal index (green), respectively. In (a), (b), the maps are plotted using ArcGIS 10.1 (https://www.esri.com).
