Table 1 Characteristics and laboratory findings on the admission of the general cohort and VA-LRTI discriminated by patients that developed VAP and VAT.

From: Risk factors for developing ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in patients with severe COVID-19: a multinational, multicentre study, prospective, observational study

 

All cohort (n = 3287)

VAP (n = 610)

No VAP (n = 2677)

p-value

VAT (n = 338)

No VAT (n = 2949)

p-value

Age, median (IQR)

63.0 (54.5–71.0)

65.0 (57.0–72.0)

63.0 (54.0–71.0)

 < 0.001

62.0 (54.0–69.8)

64.0 (55.0–71.0)

0.09

Male, n (%)

2317 (70.5)

442 (72.5)

1875 (70.0)

0.26

236 (69.8)

2081 (70.6)

0.83

Health worker, n (%)

79 (2.4)

12 (2.0)

67 (2.5)

0.53

9 (2.7)

70 (2.4)

0.89

Influenza vaccine, n (%)

59 (1.8)

1 (0.2)

58 (2.2)

0.001

29 (8.6)

30 (1.0)

 < 0.001

First wave, n (%)

2516 (76.5)

371 (60.8)

2145 (80.1)

 < 0.001

302 (89.4)

2214 (75.1)

 < 0.001

Second wave, n (%)

771 (23.5)

239 (39.2)

532 (19.9)

 < 0.001

36 (10.6)

735 (24.9)

 < 0.001

Comorbid condition, n (%)

 Congestive heart failure

172 (5.2)

22 (3.6)

150 (5.6)

0.06

23 (6.8)

149 (5.1)

0.21

 Hypertension

1532 (46.6)

311 (51.0)

1221 (45.6)

0.018

145 (42.9)

1387 (47.0)

0.17

 COPD

250 (7.6)

51 (8.4)

199 (7.4)

0.49

22 (6.5)

228 (7.7)

0.49

 Asthma

140 (4.3)

33 (5.4)

107 (4.0)

0.15

4(1.2)

136 (4.6)

0.004

 Chronic kidney disease

185 (5.6)

26 (4.3)

159 (5.9)

0.13

30 (8.9)

155 (5.3)

0.009

 Neurologic disease

47 (1.4)

7 (1.2)

40 (1.5)

0.64

7 (2.1)

40 (1.4)

0.42

 Haematological disease

90 (2.7)

29 (4.8)

61 (2.3)

0.001

5 (1.5)

85 (2.9)

0.19

 HIV-AIDS

10 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

8 (0.3)

0.77

4 (1.2)

6 (0.2)

0.010

 Obesity

11,960 (36.4)

221 (36.2)

975 (36.4)

0.97

85 (25.2)

1111 (37.7)

 < 0.001

 Rheumatological disease

105 (3.2)

17 (2.8)

88 (3.3)

0.61

4 (1.2)

101 (3.4)

0.039

 Diabetes

819 (24.9)

156 (25.6)

662 (24.7)

0.70

93 (27.5.3)

725 (24.6)

0.27

ARDS at admission

721 (2.9)

59 (9.7)

662 (24.7)

 < 0.001

183 (54.1)

538 (18.2)

 < 0.001

Number of comorbidities, median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.06

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.028

Laboratory testing, median (IQR)

 Creatinine

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.72

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.60

 Leucocytes

9.3 (6.6–13.1)

9.4 (6.7–13.2)

9.3 (6.6–13.1)

0.66

11.1 (7.8–15.8)

9.1 (6.5–12.9)

 < 0.001

 CRP

16.7 (9.0–28.5)

15.6 (97.8–25.0)

17.0 (9.1–29.3)

 < 0.001

27.2 (12.0–152.5)

16.0 (8.7–27.0)

 < 0.001

 Procalcitonin

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

0.3 (0.1–0.4)

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

0.003

0.3 (0.3–0.8)

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

 < 0.001

  1. IQR interquartile range, COPD chronic pulmonary injury, HIV-AIDS: human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Leucocytes leucocytes 109 cells/L, C-RP C-reactive protein mg/dL.
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