Table 3 Treatment, interventions, and outcomes of the general cohort and VA-LRTI discriminated by patients that developed VAP and VAT.

From: Risk factors for developing ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in patients with severe COVID-19: a multinational, multicentre study, prospective, observational study

Treatments, interventions and clinical outcomes

 

All cohort (n = 3287)

VAP (n = 610)

No VAP (n = 2677)

p-value

VAT (n = 338)

No VAT (n = 2949)

p-value

ECMO, n (%)

92 (2.8)

21 (3.4)

71 (2.6)

0.35

7 (2.1)

85 (2.9)

0.49

Prone position, n (%)

2498 (76.0)

507 (83.1)

1991 (74.4)

 < 0.001

277 (82.0)

2221 (75.3)

0.008

Corticosteroids use, n (%)

2413 (73.4)

460 (75.4)

1953 (73.0)

0.23

249 (73.7)

2164 (73.4)

0.96

One corticosteroid, n (%)

2363 (71.9)

457 (74.9)

1906 (71.2)

0.18

238 (70.4)

2125 (72.1)

 < 0.001

Two corticosteroid, n (%)

92 (2.8)

16 (2.6)

76 (2.8)

0.18

50 (14.8)

42 (1.4)

 < 0.001

Hydrocortisone, n (%)

200 (6.1)

36 (5.9)

164 (6.1)

0.91

66 (19.5)

134 (4.5)

 < 0.001

Methylprednisolone, n (%)

1096 (31.4)

200 (32.8)

896(33.5)

0.78

98 (29.0)

998 (33.8)

0.08

Dexamethasone, n (%)

1251 (38.1)

2530 (41.5)

998 (37.3)

0.06

174 (51.5)

1077 (36.5)

 < 0.001

Dexamethasone + hydrocortisone, n (%)

61 (1.9)

12 (2.0)

49 (1–8)

0.95

41 (12.1)

20 (0.7)

 < 0.001

Dexamethasone + methylprednisolone, n (%)

22 (0.7)

1 (0.2)

21 (0.8)

0.16

9 (2.7)

13 (0.4)

 < 0.001

Methylprednisolone + hydrocortisone, n (%)

9 (0.3)

3 (0.5)

6 (0.2)

0.48

0 (0.0)

9 (0.3)

0.64

Lopinavir/ritonavir, n (%)

51 (1.6)

50 (1.9)

1 (0.2)

 < 0.01

25 (0.9)

26 (7.7)

 < 0.001

Interferon beta, n (%)

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.42

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.19

Neuraminidase inhibitor, n (%)

58 (1.8)

58 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

 < 0.001

57 (1.3)

1 (0.3)

0.05

Ampicilin/sulbactam, n (%)

5 (0.2)

5 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0.62

5 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0.98

Amoxacilin/clavulanate, n (%)

3 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.93

3 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.72

Ampicilin, n (%)

3 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.93

3 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.72

Azitromicine, n (%)

3 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.93

3 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.72

Claritromycine, n (%)

5 (0.2)

5 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0.62

5 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0.98

Amikacine, n (%)

6 (0.2)

6 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0.52

1 (0.0)

5 (1.5)

 < 0.001

Ceftriaxone, n (%)

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.42

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.19

Vancomicine, n (%)

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.42

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.19

Linezolid, n (%)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.81

2 (0.1)

0 (0).0

0.49

Tocilizumab, n (%)

21 (0.6)

21 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

0.06

14 (0.5)

7 (2.1)

 < 0.01

Rendesivir, n (%)

9 (0.3)

7 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

0.88

5 (0.2)

4 (1.2)

 < 0.01

Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, n (%)

82 (2.5)

81 (3.0)

1 (0.2)

 < 0.001

63 (2.1)

19 (5.6)

 < 0.001

Outcomes

 AKI, n (%)

1147 (34.9)

256 (42.0)

891 (33.3)

 < 0.001

140 (41.4)

1007 (34.2)

0.027

 Deaths, n (%)

1285 (39.1)

268 (43.9)

1017 (38.0)

0.007

160 (47.3)

1125 (38.2)

0.001

Hospital LOS, median (IQR)

26.0 (17.0–42.5)

40.0 (27.0–57.0)

24.0 (15.0–18.0)

 < 0.001

24.5 (16.0–44.0)

27.0 (17.0–42.0)

0.66

LOS, median (IQR)

17.0 (10.0–28.0)

29.0 (19.0–45.0)

15.0 (9.9 -23.0)

 < 0.001

18.0 (12.0–28.0)

16.0 (10.0–28.0)

0.007

IMV Days, median (IQR)

14.0 (8.0–24.0)

25.0 (16.0–38.0)

12.0 (7.0–20.0)

 < 0.001

15.0 (11.0–25.0)

14.0 (8.0–24.0)

0.004

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