Figure 1

Location of the study area over a wide (a subarea 48.1, dashed line) and over a local geographical context (b). The green cross shows the position of Harmony Point, Nelson Island, where the foraging range (Kernel Usage Densities KUD) and foraging behaviour of breeding chinstrap penguins were studied in 2019/20 and 2021/22 breeding seasons. A 37 km radius around the penguin breeding colony indicates the farthest distance from the colony on a straight line; environmental variables compared between seasons were extracted within a 75 km radius around the breeding colony. Solid lines depicted the acoustic transects carried out on board the RS Karpuj in both seasons. Map created using ArcMap 10.8.2 (https://www.esri.com/). Land contours from Esri Global Mapping International (https://www.arcgis.com/; item id a3cb207855b348a297ab85261743351d) and the SCAR Antarctic Digital Database [2022] (https://www.add.scar.org/). Subarea 48.1 from FAO Fisheries GeoNetwork Platform (https://www.fao.org/fishery/geonetwork/).