Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Contrasting environmental conditions precluded lower availability of Antarctic krill affecting breeding chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula

Figure 3

Mean ± s.e. vertical distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) acoustic density(a), Mean ± s.d. Ripley’s K coefficients for measuring krill swarms vertical aggregation (b) and vertical foraging effort of chinstrap penguins (c) at Harmony Point, Nelson Island, in two seasons with contrasting environmental conditions. Horizontal lines indicate the depths of krill biomass peaks in 2019/20 (blue dotted line) and 2021/22 (red dashed line). Vertical grey dotted line indicates the biomass threshold for comparing depths in both seasons (a) and 0 Ripley´s K (b). Ripley’s K (b) positive values indicate aggregation of swarms, values equal to zero indicate that swarms were randomly distributed, and negative values indicate dispersed or patchier swarms. Bottom phase mean dive depth of each foraging trip and the total number of wiggles per foraging trip (c). Statistical results from Permutational Analysis of Variance (999 permutations).

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