Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression to determine the factors identifying subjects with COPD.

From: Most patients with COPD are unaware of their health threats and are not diagnosed: a national-level study using pulmonary function test

Overall

COPD diagnosed patients

Potential high-risk group

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Age (years)

 40–49

Ref

 

Ref

 

 50–59

1.09

0.58–2.07

3.12

2.45–3.98

 60–69

1.90

0.80–4.54

9.04

6.75–12.10

 70–79

1.81

0.78–4.17

14.84

11.21–19.63

 > 80

0.71

0.09–5.91

15.44

9.37–25.44

Sex

 Female

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Male

0.84

0.36–1.97

3.22

2.60–3.99

Income quartile

 Low

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Middle low

0.80

0.43–1.46

1.13

0.93–1.37

 Middle high

0.67

0.38–1.20

0.92

0.75–1.13

 High

0.57

0.29–1.12

1.20

0.98–1.48

Education

 Above college

Ref

 

Ref

 

 High school

0.96

0.49–1.88

1.21

0.99–1.47

 Middle school

1.18

0.56–2.46

1.28

1.01–1.62

 Elementary

0.72

0.36–1.61

1.42

1.14–1.78

Occupation

 White

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Blue

1.11

0.55–2.46

1.03

0.85–1.25

 Non-jobs

2.09

0.99–4.38

1.10

0.90–1.35

Residential area

 Metro

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Other urban city

0.80

0.48–1.34

0.98

0.83–1.15

 Rural area

1.34

0.73–2.46

1.10

0.91–1.32

Smoking status

 Never smoker

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Ever smoker

2.38

1.04–5.47

1.32

1.03–1.69

 Current smoker

1.27

0.49–3.26

2.22

1.70–2.89

 Heavy smoker

1.35

0.35–5.23

2.31

1.73–3.07

Smoking Pack year

 1Q (~ 8 PY)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 2Q (~ 20 PY)

1.33

0.61–2.92

1.02

0.81–1.27

 3Q (~ 31.9 PY)

1.66

0.71–3.89

1.28

1.00–1.64

 4Q (32 PY ~)

2.81

1.33–5.92

1.64

1.73–3.07

Heavy drinker

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

0.53

0.21–1.31

0.87

0.71–1.07

Walking3

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

0.92

0.59–1.44

1.02

0.90–1.16

NCD4

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

1.17

0.72–1.88

0.88

0.77–1.00

Cancer5

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

0.50

0.18–1.41

0.98

0.76–1.27

  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. 1Unweighted number of respondents.
  3. 2Weighted percentage.
  4. 3Heavy drinker is consuming 5 drinks or more per week for women and 8 or more for men.
  5. 4Walking practice: Person who walked for 30 min at a time over the past week for 5 days.
  6. 5NCD: Non-Communicable Disease (physician diagnosis about hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, etc.).
  7. 6Cancer: Experience of cancer (stomach, liver, colon, breast, cervix, etc.) patient.
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