Table 2 Shear strength parameters from shear tests on GCL-sand interfaces.

From: Engineering benefits of replacing natural sand with manufactured sand in landfill construction

Interface

Water content in sand (w) in percentage

Interface friction angle

δ (degrees)

Interface adhesion

ap (kPa)

Friction efficiency of the interface

δ/ϕsand

GCL-Msand (dry)

0

41.66

20.07

0.94

GCL-River sand (dry)

0

38.35

16.21

0.93

GCL-Msand (saturated)

18

32.21

10.23

0.87

GCL-River sand (saturated)

18

28.81

9.57

0.84