Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Antiviral effect of melatonin on Japanese encephalitis virus infection involves inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in SH-SY5Y cells

Figure 3

Antiviral effect of melatonin (Mel) on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-infected SH-SY5Y cells in a pre- and post-infection treatment assay. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental design. The red line indicates the JEV absorption period and green line indicates the period when the cells were incubated with melatonin. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with melatonin at various concentrations prior to infection with JEV at 0.1 MOI and then maintained in melatonin for 24 and 48 h. (B, E) Representative plaque formation assay results. Mock is uninfected cells treated with melatonin. (C, F) The viral titers in pfu/ml determined by plaque assay from cell culture supernatant, and (D, G) the reduction of viral titers expressed as percentage of inhibition. The graphs show the means ± SD of three independent experiments in technical triplicates. One-way ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons tests were performed for statistical analysis. **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001 compared to the control without melatonin treatment (0 μM).

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