Table 4 The results of the generalized estimating equations for the associations between placental features and birth weight (g) by pandemic status, adjusting for GA at MRI (weeks), maternal distress (0: low distress, 1: high distress), and GA at birth (weeks).
Pre-pandemic | Pandemic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\beta\) | p | \(\beta\) | p | |
Shape features | ||||
Volume (cm3) | 0.73 | < 0.01* | 2.30 | < 0.01* |
Thickness (mm) | 4.04 | 0.16 | 5.76 | 0.41 |
Elongation (mm) | 4.19 | < 0.01* | 7.77 | < 0.01* |
Textural features (first set) | ||||
Mean GL | − 8.45 | 0.54 | − 179.36 | 0.01* |
Variance GL | − 18.32 | 0.76 | − 355.36 | 0.38 |
Kurtosis GL (× 103) | − 0.06 | 0.80 | 1.34 | < 0.01* |
Skewness GL | − 206.45 | 0.15 | 287.80 | 0.58 |
Textural features (second set) | ||||
Energy (× 103) | 3.52 | 0.26 | 7.25 | 0.65 |
Entropy | − 15.52 | 0.47 | − 45.42 | 0.70 |
Inverse difference moment | 226.84 | 0.23 | 87.68 | 0.91 |
Contrast | − 0.61 | 0.25 | 1.60 | 0.56 |
Cluster shade (× 10–3) | − 2.57 | 0.01* | 15.04 | 0.12 |
Cluster prominence (× 10–6) | − 6.46 | 0.52 | 47.57 | 0.28 |
Textural features (third set) | ||||
Short run emphasis | − 398.01 | 0.21 | − 365.51 | 0.80 |
Long run emphasis | 10.74 | 0.24 | 8.02 | 0.67 |
GL non-uniformity | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
Run length non-uniformity (× 10–3) | 5.12 | < 0.01* | 25.83 | < 0.01* |
Low GL run emphasis (× 103) | 5.63 | 0.09 | 8.00 | 0.20 |
High GL run emphasis (× 10–3) | − 5.84 | 0.67 | 59.67 | 0.37 |
Short run low GL emphasis (× 103) | 6.11 | 0.09 | 11.34 | 0.22 |
Short run high GL emphasis (× 10–3) | − 6.06 | 0.67 | 62.03 | 0.38 |
Long run low GL emphasis | 20.57 | 0.86 | 253.72 | 0.20 |
Long run high GL emphasis (× 10–3) | − 1.97 | 0.80 | 32.20 | 0.38 |
