Table 6 Water intensity data in the midstream flow.

From: Framing a novel holistic energy subsystem structure for water-energy-food nexus based on existing literature (basic concepts)

Energy type

Processing

Water withdrawal (m3/MWh)

Water consumption (m3/MWh)

References

Min

Median

Max

Min

Median

Max

Coal

Coal washing

0.034

0.068

3.79

0.034

0.068

3.79

69

Oil

Refinery

0.00728

0.0112

0.01344

0.00728

0.0112

0.01344

72

Gas

Refinery

2.63E−05

0.000078

0.000132

2.63E−05

7.89E−05

0.000132

69

Bioethanol

Processing

0.02576

0.0406

0.0812

0.02576

0.0406

0.0812

72

Biodiesel

Processing

0.00868

0.00868

0.00868

0.00868

0.00868

0.00868

72