Table 1 The thermophysical properties of nanofluid.
Properties | Nanofluid |
|---|---|
Density | \(\rho_{nf} = \varphi \rho_{s} + \left( {1 - \varphi } \right)\rho_{f}\) |
Electrical conductivity | \(\frac{{\sigma_{nf} }}{{\sigma_{f} }} = 1 + \frac{{3\left( {\frac{{\sigma_{s} }}{{\sigma_{f} }} - 1} \right)\varphi }}{{\left( {\frac{{\sigma_{s} }}{{\sigma_{f} }} + 2} \right) - \left( {\frac{{\sigma_{s} }}{{\sigma_{f} }} - 1} \right)\varphi }}\) |
Heat capacity | \(\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{nf} = \varphi \left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{s} + \left( {1 - \varphi } \right)\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{f}\) |
Viscosity | \(\mu_{nf} = \frac{{\mu_{f} }}{{\left( {1 - \varphi } \right)^{2.5} }}\) |
Thermal diffusivity | \(\alpha_{nf} = \frac{{k_{nf} }}{{\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{nf} }}\) |
Thermal conductivity | \(\frac{{k_{nf} }}{{k_{f} }} = \frac{{\left( {\frac{{k_{s} }}{{k_{f} }} + 2} \right) - 2\varphi \left( {1 - \frac{{k_{s} }}{{k_{f} }}} \right)}}{{\left( {\frac{{k_{s} }}{{k_{f} }} + 2} \right) + \varphi \left( {1 - \frac{{k_{s} }}{{k_{f} }}} \right)}}\) |
