Table 3 Percent cover of the benthos at a natural coral reef (Emerald) and three inshore urban sites (MacArthur North, MacArthur South, and Star Island).

From: Coral persistence despite marginal conditions in the Port of Miami

 

Abiotic

Macro-algae

Turf algae

CCA

Clionaid sponges

Hard coral

Cyano

Fire coral

Soft coral

Sponge

Other

Emerald

15.94 (19.14)

8.89 (9.27)

57.02 (19.41)

0.04 (0.31)

0.00 (0.00)

0.04 (0.30)

0.21 (0.82)

0.04 (0.30)

15.70 (18.14)

1.43 (2.73)

0.68 (3.44)

MacArthur North

33.07 (32.5)

1.83 (7.78)

52.95 (34.82)

0.00 (0.00)

4.08 (9.35)

2.50 (5.42)

0.06 (0.47)

0.00 (0.00)

0.23 (1.00)

0.80 (2.61)

4.47 (9.75)

MacArthur South

24.38 (22.35)

1.47 (3.11)

60.56 (18.18)

0.00 (0.00)

0.15 (0.99)

5.68 (8.60)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

2.86 (6.85)

1.89 (4.31)

3.02 (5.27)

Star Island

43.26 (30.12)

0.04 (0.29)

41.47 (24.38)

0.00 (0.00)

0.02 (0.20)

5.90 (13.99)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

3.58 (7.86)

4.35 (6.72)

1.37 (3.25)

  1. Abiotic is inclusive of bare hard bottom, sediment, and trash. CCA is crustose coralline algae, Cyano. is cyanobacteria. Standard deviations are in parentheses.