Table 1 Relationship between layers and roughness.

From: Self-healing perovskite solar cells based on copolymer-templated TiO2 electron transport layer

Number of layers

Roughness (nm)

(a) 1 layer

22.5

(b) 2 layer

29.9

(c) 3 layer

36.3

(d) Blank FTO (15 Ω/sq)

37