Table 1 Baseline characteristics across tertiles of the DIR among 2717 participants of the third examination of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008).

From: The association of dietary and lifestyle indices for insulin resistance with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases among Iranian adults

 

T1 (n = 906)

T2 (n = 905)

T3 (n = 906)

P_trend†

Age (y)

41.2 ± 14.9

38.9 ± 13.9

39.6 ± 14.4

0.025

Male (%)

40.9

45.7

50.2

 < 0.001

Current smokers (%)

11.8

13.0

12.9

0.483

Physical activity (MET-h/wk)

75.5 ± 54.0

81.5 ± 56.0

82.5 ± 57.9

0.009

BMI (kg/m2)

26.2 ± 4.5

26.8 ± 5.1

27.5 ± 5.0

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

87.5 ± 12.8

88.8 ± 13.5

91.41 ± 13.9

 < 0.001

Education status (≥ Diploma), (%)

27.1

27.6

20.2

0.001

Occupation status (employed), (%)

81.4

80.9

80.3

0.540

FSI (mU/mL)

8.34 ± 5.24

8.86 ± 4.83

10.39 ± 6.76

 < 0.001

FBS (mg/dl)

91.1 ± 22.5

90.6 ± 21.8

93.1 ± 26.1

0.062

SBP (mmHg)

110.7 ± 17.3

111.4 ± 15.6

113.7 ± 17.3

 < 0.001

HOMA-IR

1.58 (1.06–2.30)

1.67 (1.19–2.42)

1.97 (1.36–3.06)

 < 0.001

TGs (mmol/l)

1.51 ± 1.01

1.54 ± 0.95

1.75 ± 1.09

 < 0.001

HDL-c (mmol/l)

1.12 ± 0.26

1.10 ± 0.26

1.06 ± 0.25

 < 0.001

TG: HDL

1.52 ± 1.36

1.56 ± 1.20

1.85 ± 1.47

 < 0.001

VAI

1.86 (1.15–2.90)

1.92(1.21–3.09)

2.17(1.34–3.65)

 < 0.001

DIR

− 0.03 (− 0.08–0.02)

0.07 (0.02–0.13)

0.17 (0.10–0.25)

 

LIR

8.22 (5.35–10.86)

8.10 (5.26–10.79)

8.37 (5.59–11.65)

 
  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR) for continuous, and percent and categorical variables.
  2. BMI body mass index, FSI fasting serum insulin, FBS fasting blood sugar, SBP systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, TGs triglycerides, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VAI visceral adiposity index.
  3. †P for trend was calculated using linear regression and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
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