Table 1 Birth characteristics in the first, last and heaviest delivery, by mother developed and undeveloped cancer.

From: Association between excessive fetal growth and maternal cancer in Shanghai, China: a large, population-based cohort study

Variable	Label	The first delivery					The last delivery					The heaviest delivery
		Women undeveloped cancer		Women developed cancer		p value	Women undeveloped cancer		Women developed cancer		p value	Women undeveloped cancer		Women developed cancer		p value
		N	(%)	N	(%)	p value	N	(%)	N	(%)	p value	N	(%)	N	(%)	p value
Total		825,654	100	33,221	100		825,654	100	33,221	100		825,654	100	33,221	100
Year of childbirth	2005–2009	243,064	29.44	14,192	42.72	< 0.0001	207,233	25.10	12,849	38.68	< 0.0001	224,446	27.18	13,490	40.61	< 0.0001
	2010–2014	309,045	37.43	13,223	39.80		281,973	34.15	12,911	38.86		294,783	35.70	13,062	39.32
	2015–2020	273,545	33.13	5806	17.48		336,448	40.75	7461	22.46		306,425	37.11	6669	20.07
Mother’s age at birth	Mean/Std	28.50	4.02	28.82	4.07	< 0.0001	29.15	4.19	29.29	4.18	< 0.0001	28.84	4.12	29.06	4.13	< 0.0001
Mother’s education level	Middle school and below	185,452	22.52	7578	22.84	0.3682	181,054	21.99	7490	22.58	0.0280	183,185	22.24	7546	22.75	0.0875
	College and higher	638,140	77.48	25,596	77.16		642,462	78.01	25,683	77.42		640,384	77.76	25,624	77.25
	Missing	2062		47			2138		48			2085		51
Number of childbirths	1	708,860	85.85	29,636	89.21	< 0.0001	708,860	85.85	29,636	89.21	< 0.0001	708,860	85.85	29,636	89.21	< 0.0001
	2	114,500	13.87	3521	10.60		114,500	13.87	3521	10.60		114,500	13.87	3521	10.60
	≥ 3	2294	0.28	64	0.19		2294	0.28	64	0.19		2294	0.28	64	0.19
History of abortion	None	546,914	66.36	21,201	63.87		546,914	66.36	21,201	63.87		546,914	66.36	21,201	63.87
	1	191,600	23.25	8113	24.44	< 0.0001	191,600	23.25	8113	24.44	< 0.0001	191,600	23.25	8113	24.44	< 0.0001
	2	62,329	7.56	2824	8.51		62,329	7.56	2824	8.51		62,329	7.56	2824	8.51
	≥ 3	23,351	2.83	1054	3.18		23,351	2.83	1054	3.18		23,351	2.83	1054	3.18
	Missing	1460		29			1460		29			1460		29
Age at last follow-up	Mean/Std	37.67	4.94	35.82	4.99		37.67	4.93	35.81	4.99		37.67	4.93	35.82	4.99
Year of follow-up	Mean/Std	9.17	4.25	7	3.92		8.51	4.32	6.52	3.94		8.83	4.30	6.75	3.93
	< 1 year			1544	4.65	< 0.0001			1886	5.68	< 0.0001			1715	5.16	< 0.0001
	1–3 years	71,482	8.66	4678	14.08		91,191	11.04	5689	17.12		81,816	9.91	5214	15.69
	3–5 years	90,538	10.97	5411	16.29		115,512	13.99	5981	18.00		103,376	12.52	5698	17.15
	5 years-	663,634	80.38	21,588	64.98		618,951	74.96	19,665	59.19		640,462	77.57	20,594	61.99
Number of embryos	Single	812,847	98.45	32,715	98.48	0.6733	812,232	98.38	32,696	98.42	0.5578	812,982	98.47	32,720	98.49	0.5647
	Twins	12,708	1.54	501	1.51		13,318	1.61	519	1.56		12,571	1.52	496	1.49
	Multiple	69	0.01	5	0.02		74	0.01	5	0.02		71	0.01	5	0.02
	Missing	30					30		1			30
Child gender	Boy	425,477	51.53	17,123	51.54	0.2596	430,173	52.10	17,319	52.13	0.8765	434,241	52.59	17,445	52.51	0.9375
	Girl	400,170	48.47	16,098	48.46		395,476	47.90	15,902	47.87		391,409	47.41	15,776	47.49
	Other	7	0.00				5	0.00				4	0.00
Caesarian	Yes	460,636	55.86	20,401	61.44	< 0.0001	464,266	56.30	20,482	61.68	< 0.0001	462,791	56.12	20,458	61.61	< 0.0001
Gestational age	Mean/Std	38.75	1.46	38.69	1.46		38.69	1.44	38.65	1.44		38.76	1.41	38.7	1.42
	< 28 weeks	456	0.06	21	0.06	0.0659	378	0.05	15	0.05	0.5349	316	0.04	12	0.04	0.0060
	28–33 weeks	2718	0.33	115	0.35		2685	0.33	120	0.36		2352	0.28	106	0.32
	34–36 weeks	39,990	4.84	1680	5.06		41,626	5.04	1709	5.14		37,721	4.57	1606	4.83
	37–41 weeks	780,811	94.57	31,325	94.29		779,493	94.41	31,308	94.24		783,666	94.91	31,419	94.58
	42-weeks	1679	0.20	80	0.24		1472	0.18	69	0.21		1599	0.19	78	0.23
Premature birth	Yes	43,164	5.23	1816	5.47	0.0117	44,689	5.41	1844	5.55	0.3344	40,389	4.89	1724	5.19	0.0003
Birth weight	Mean/Std	3318.32	455.58	3334.66	457.61		3321.01	455.20	3337.36	457.11		3345.42	449.48	3356.25	451.07
	< 1500	2507	0.30	92	0.28	< 0.0001	2375	0.29	82	0.25	< 0.0001	1920	0.23	67	0.20	< 0.0001
	1500–1999	4967	0.60	214	0.64		5014	0.61	222	0.67		4072	0.49	185	0.56
	2000–2499	20,844	2.52	786	2.37		21,056	2.55	779	2.34		18,063	2.19	692	2.08
	2500–2999	139,780	16.93	5320	16.01		138,198	16.74	5265	15.85		130,555	15.81	5056	15.22
	3000–3499	374,250	45.33	15,013	45.19		374,022	45.30	15,007	45.17		369,308	44.73	14,837	44.66
	3500–3999	232,975	28.22	9600	28.90		234,106	28.35	9645	29.03		246,048	29.80	10,022	30.17
	4000–4499	45,517	5.51	1975	5.95		45,979	5.57	1992	6.00		50,277	6.09	2125	6.40
	4500–4999	4814	0.58	221	0.67		4904	0.59	229	0.69		5411	0.66	237	0.71
Low birth weight	Yes	28,318	3.43	1092	3.29	0.1794	28,445	3.45	1083	3.26	0.0557	24,055	2.91	944	2.84	0.7327
Macrosomia	Yes	45,951	5.57	1989	5.99	0.0004	46,590	5.64	2020	6.08	< 0.0001	50,998	6.18	2147	6.46	< 0.0001
Small than gestational age	Yes	82,386	9.98	2993	9.01	< 0.0001	77,636	9.40	2860	8.61	< 0.0001	72,895	8.83	2709	8.15	< 0.0001
Large than gestational age	Yes	85,816	10.39	3967	11.94	< 0.0001	91,548	11.09	4161	12.53	< 0.0001	95,529	11.57	4285	12.90	< 0.0001

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Table 1 Birth characteristics in the first, last and heaviest delivery, by mother developed and undeveloped cancer.

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