Table 1 Baseline characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage according to neurologic function on day 90th after ictus.

From: Predictive validity of the prognosis on admission aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage scale for the outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

 

All cases

mRS of 0 to 3

mRS of 4 to 6

p valuea

Demographics

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Age (year), median (IQR)

57.0 (48.0–67.0)

56.0 (46.0–64.0)

64.0 (53.0–72.5)

< 0.001***

 Gender (male), no. (%)

198 (47.7)

134 (47.5)

64 (48.1)

0.909

Risk factors for aneurysmal SAH

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Cigarette smoking, no. (%)

159 (38.3)

103 (36.5)

56 (42.1)

0.275

 Hypertension, no. (%), n = 413

163 (39.5)

94 (33.6)

69 (51.9)

< 0.001

 Alcohol consumption, no. (%), n = 401

182 (45.4)

119 (44.1)

63 (48.1)

0.449

Comorbidities

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Cerebrovascular disease, no. (%)

18 (4.3)

10 (3.5)

8 (6.0)

0.249

 Chronic cardiac failure, no. (%)

7 (1.7)

3 (1.1)

4 (3.0)

0.218*

 COPD/Asthma, no. (%)

5 (1.2)

3 (1.1)

2 (1.5)

0.657*

 Diabetes mellitus, no. (%)

27 (6.5)

10 (3.5)

17 (12.8)

< 0.001

Clinical presentation on admission

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 GCS score, median (IQR)

14 (10.0–15.0)

15 (14.0–15.0)

8 (6.0–12.0)

< 0.001**

 Focal neurological deficits, no. (%)

315 (75.9)

202 (71.6)

113 (85.0)

0.003

Neuroimaging findings on admission

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Blood filling the subarachnoid space, no. (%)

  Basal cistern, n = 411

228 (55.5)

135 (48.0)

93 (71.5)

< 0.001

  Sylvian fissure, n = 413

380 (92.0)

253 (90.0)

127 (96.2)

0.031

  Interhemispheric fissure, n = 412

291 (70.6)

186 (66.2)

105 (80.2)

0.004

  Interpeduncular fossa, n = 412

266 (64.6)

160 (56.9)

106 (80.9)

< 0.001

  Suprasellar cistern, n = 412

270 (65.5)

172 (61.2)

98 (74.8)

0.007

  Ambient cistern, n = 412

258 (62.6)

155 (55.2)

103 (78.6)

< 0.001

  Quadrigeminal cistern, n = 412

126 (30.6)

53 (18.9)

73 (55.7)

< 0.001

 IVH, no. (%)

275 (66.3)

168 (59.6)

107 (80.5)

< 0.001

 ICH, no. (%)

85 (20.5)

48 (17.0)

37 (27.8)

0.011

  ICH volume (mL), mean (SD), n = 85

22.6 (22.82)

17.79 (16.88)

28.85 (27.78)

0.134

 Aneurysm locations, no. (%)

  PCoA aneurysm

65 (15.7)

50 (17.7)

15 (11.3)

0.091

  VA aneurysm

18 (4.3)

7 (2.5)

11 (8.3)

0.007

The admission severity

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 PAASH scoreb, median (IQR)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

< 0.001**

 WFNS scoreb, median (IQR)

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

4.0 (4.0–5.0)

< 0.001**

 H&H scoreb, median (IQR)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–3.0)

5.0 (3.0–5.0)

< 0.001**

Aneurysm repairs and other treatments

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Aneurysm repairs

  No aneurysm repair, no. (%)

74 (17.8)

5 (1.8)

69 (51.9)

< 0.001

  Endovascular coiling, no. (%)

169 (40.7)

147 (52.1)

22 (16.5)

< 0.001

  Surgical clipping, no. (%)

172 (41.5)

130 (46.1)

42 (31.6)

0.005

 Surgical haematoma evacuationc, no. (%)

44 (10.6)

23 (8.2)

21 (15.8)

0.018

 EVD, no. (%), n = 414

43 (10.4)

18 (6.4)

25 (18.8)

< 0.001

 Nimodipine, no. (%), n = 166

331 (91.2)

239 (98.0)

92 (77.3)

< 0.001

Complications

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Rebleeding, no. (%), n = 411

18 (4.4)

5 (1.8)

13 (10.0)

< 0.001

  Early rebleeding, no. (%), n = 13

1 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

1 (8.3)

> 0.999

  Late rebledding, no. (%), n = 13

12 (92.3)

1 (100)

11 (91.7)

> 0.999

 DCI, no. (%), n = 409

25 (6.1)

7 (2.5)

18 (13.8)

< 0.001

 Acute hydrocephalus, no. (%)

136 (32.8)

69 (24.5)

67 (50.4)

< 0.001

 Pneumonia, no. (%)

58 (14.0)

23 (8.2)

35 (26.3)

< 0.001

Clinical time course

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Ictus to hospital arrival (hour), no. (%), n = 408

   

0.089

  ≤ 24 h

212 (52.0)

134 (48.6)

78 (59.1)

 

  > 24–72 h

188 (46.0)

135 (48.9)

53 (40.1)

 

  > 72 h

8 (2.0)

7 (2.5)

1 (0.8)

 

 Length of hospitalization (days), mean (SD)

10.14 (9.85)

11.22 (9.5)

7.84 (10.22)

< 0.001**

Clinical outcomes

n = 415

n = 282

n = 133

 

 Deaths

  Died in hospital, no. (%)

71 (17.1)

0 (0.0)

71 (53.4)

< 0.001

  Died on day30th after ictus, no. (%)

89 (21.4)

0 (0.0)

89 (66.9)

< 0.001

  Died on day 90th after ictus, no. (%)

97 (23.4)

0 (0.0)

97 (72.9)

< 0.001

 Neurological function

  mRS at hospital discharge, no. (%)

   

< 0.001

   Good (mRS of 0–3)

266 (64.1)

262 (92.9)

4 (3.0)

 

   Poor (mRS of 4–6)

149 (35.9)

20 (7.1)

129 (97.0)

 

  mRS on day 30th after ictus, no. (%)

   

< 0.001

   Good (mRS of 0–3)

277 (66.7)

277 (98.2)

0 (0.0)

 

   Poor (mRS of 4–6)

138 (33.3)

5 (1.8)

133 (100)

 
  1. See Table S2 to S9, as shown in Additional file 1, for additional information.
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DCI delayed cerebral ischaemia, EVD external ventricular drainage, GCS Glasgow coma scale, H&H Hunt and Hess, ICH intracerebral haemorrhage, IQR interquartile range, IVH intraventricular haemorrhage, mRS modified Rankin Scale, no. number, PAASH Prognosis on Admission of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage, PCoA posterior communicating artery, SAH subarachnoid haemorrhage, SD standard deviation, VA vertebral artery, WFNS World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies.
  3. *Fisher's exact test.
  4. **Mann–Whitney U test.
  5. aComparison between mRS of 0–3 and mRS of 4–6 using Chi-squared test.
  6. bThe descriptive SAH grading scales (i.e., the PAASH, WFNS, and H&H scales) were converted to the numerical SAH grading scales in ascending order (see Table S1, as shown in Additional file 1, for additional information).
  7. cSurgical haematoma evacuation was defined as any surgical procedure evacuating epidural, subdural, intraventricular, or intraparenchymal haematoma, such as decompressive craniotomy, open craniotomy, or minimally invasive surgery.
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