Figure 1

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HIV-1 integrase sequences from the 49 drug-naive HIV-infected individuals. The ML tree was constructed using MEGA version 10.0.5 with the Kimura 2 parameter. Bootstrapping was performed with 1,000 replicates and only those that have a bootstrap value > 70% are shown on the tree. HIV-1 reference sequences (A—K and CRFs) that were retrieved from the HIV-1 LANL HIV Sequence Database (green color) are indicated by subtype followed by the corresponding country name, year, and accession number. All of the sequences from this study that are indicated in blue color (MW560010–MW560058) were clustered with HIV-1 subtype C strain with a bootstrap value of 93%. The one sequence (MW560010) that harbored a major INSTI RM R263K is shown with a red rectangular node. INSTI Integrase strand transfer inhibitor, LANL Los alamos national library, MEGA Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis, ML Maximum likelihood.