Table 3 The activity of Rubisco, FBPase, FBP aldolase, SBPase, and the content of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), starch, and soluble sugars in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves at 30 DAS.

Treatments	Rubisco activity (µmol CO₂ mg⁻¹ protein min⁻¹)	FBPase activity (µmol NADPH mg⁻¹ protein min⁻¹)	FBP aldolase activity (µmol NADH mg⁻¹ protein min⁻¹)	SBPase activity (µmol mg⁻¹ protein s⁻¹)	Total NSC content (mg g⁻¹ dry weight)	Starch content (mg g⁻¹ dry weight)	Soluble sugars content (mg g⁻¹ dry weight)
Control	0.84 ± 0.020	0.91 ± 0.026	0.52 ± 0.020	0.77 ± 0.023	54.1 ± 4.1	23.6 ± 1.3	30.5 ± 2.6
Cr	0.48 ± 0.017**	0.57 ± 0.020**	0.32 ± 0.010**	0.53 ± 0.017*	40.9 ± 3.2*	18.1 ± 1.2*	22.8 ± 2.2*
S	1.25 ± 0.026**	1.28 ± 0.041**	0.66 ± 0.025*	0.98 ± 0.028*	66.8 ± 4.5*	29.2 ± .9*	37.6 ± 3.4*
NO	1.22 ± 0.025**	1.25 ± 0.032**	0.63 ± 0.015*	0.94 ± 0.025*	65.4 ± 4.8*	28.5 ± 1.5*	36.9 ± 3.2*
NO + S	1.30 ± 0.035**	1.33 ± 0.058***	0.72 ± 0.030**	1.11 ± 0.032**	74.9 ± 7.5**	32.1 ± 2.4**	42.8 ± 3.8**
S + Cr	1.19 ± 0.029*	1.21 ± 0.030*	0.61 ± 0.015*	0.89 ± 0.022*	61.0 ± 6.2*	27.2 ± 0.4*	35.0 ± 3.0*
NO + Cr	1.15 ± 0.028*	1.17 ± 0.029*	0.57 ± 0.014 ns	0.81 ± 0.020 ns	55.0 ± 4.2 ns	26.7 ± 0.3*	33.7 ± 2.8*
NO + S + Cr	1.28 ± 0.030**	1.31 ± 0.037***	0.68 ± 0.028**	1.02 ± 0.030*	71.2 ± 5.8*	30.5 ± 2.2*	40.7 ± 3.5**

Plants were supplemented with 50 µM NO and/or treated with S (1.0 mM SO₄²⁻) in the presence and absence of 100 µM Cr. The data is displayed as mean ± SE (n = 4). As established by Tukey’s posthoc multiple comparison test, values that differ significantly between the control and treatments are denoted with an asterisk (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Cr chromium, DAS d after sowing; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBPase FBP aldolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase aldolase, NO nitric oxide, ns non-significant, S sulfur, SBPase sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase.

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