Table 2 Demographic variables (mean ± standard deviation) and electrocardiographic parameters in long-distance runners (n = 12), volleyball athletes (n = 14), football athletes (n = 39), powerlifters (n = 26), bodybuilders (n = 39), and sedentary controls (n = 43).

From: Sport-related differences in QT dispersion and echocardiographic parameters in male athletes

Outcome measure

Long-distance runners

Volleyball athletes

Football athletes

Power lifters

Bodybuilders

Sedentary controls

ANOVA

p

\({\eta }_{p}^{2}\)

Demographic variables

 Age (years)

30.17 ± 6.59

25.79 ± 5.20

27.54 ± 6.13

27.92 ± 6.04

28.31 ± 6.46

28.47 ± 5.60

0.548

0.024

 Body height (cm)

181.25 ± 6.28*

193.93 ± 8.74║

181.69 ± 6.31*

181.15 ± 6.84*

179.89 ± 7.14*

182.93 ± 5.29

 < 0.001

0.233

 Body surface area

1.99 ± 0.13*

2.17 ± 0.17

1.99 ± 0.12*

2.06 ± 0.13

2.07 ± 0.15

2.06 ± 0.16

0.003

0.100

 Body mass index

23.93 ± 2.15#

22.79 ± 2.59║

23.87 ± 1.82#¶

26.05 ± 2.45*

27.05 ± 3.06*

25.34 ± 3.14

 < 0.001

0.214

Electrocardiographic parameters

 R–R interval (ms)

0.88 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.10║

0.97 ± 0.13║#

0.90 ± 0.13║

0.84 ± 0.12

0.77 ± 0.11

 < 0.001

0.270

 QTd (ms)

29.58 ± 6.56║#¶

35.00 ± 5.54║#¶

33.33 ± 7.46║#¶

56.92 ± 8.00║

52.18 ± 6.96║

42.21 ± 8.47

 < 0.001

0.614

 Corrected QTd (ms)

31.43 ± 6.56║#¶

36.73 ± 5.68║#¶

34.03 ± 6.66║#¶

60.26 ± 7.30║

57.41 ± 5.69║

47.96 ± 8.20

 < 0.001

0.713

  1. Bolded p values indicate statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), bolded \({\eta }_{p}^{2}\) indicate moderate to strong effects; body surface area = 0.007184 * height0.725 * body mass0.425.
  2. QTd QT dispersion.
  3. *Significantly different from volleyball athletes.
  4. #Significantly different from bodybuilders.
  5. Significantly different from powerlifters.
  6. ║Significantly different from sedentary controls.
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