Table 2 Sensitivity (95% CI), Specificity(95% CI), PPV(95% CI) NPV(95% CI) of code lists for child maltreatment included sensitivity analysis of additional and exclusion of categories of indicative/at-risk codes in primary care.

From: An external validation of coding for childhood maltreatment in routinely collected primary and secondary care data

 

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPVa

 

NPVa

 

Time 1b

Time 2c

Time 1b

Time 2c

Time 1b

Time 2c

Time 1b

Time 2c

Confirmed CMd prevalencee

43.0 (38.9–47.3)

54.1 (49.8–58.3)

91.3 (89.9–92.6)

87.7 (86.0–89.2)

82.7 (80.9–84.4)

85.1 (83.3–86.7)

82.7 (80.9–84.4)

85.1 (83.3–86.7)

Confirmed CMd incidencef

39.4 (35.3–43.6)

51.4 (47.1–55.6)

92.0 (90.6–93.2)

88.1 (86.5–89.6)

62.3 (57.0–67.3)

59.2 (54.6–63.6)

81.9 (80.1–83.7)

84.4 (82.6–86.1)

Confirmed CMg + ‘child protection’ codes removed

19.2 (16.0–22.8)

31.1 (27.3–35.2)

96.4 (95.4–97.2)

93.4 (92.1–94.5)

64.2 (56.4–71.4)

61.2 (55.2–66.9)

78.1 (76.2–79.9)

80.2 (78.3–81.9)

Confirmed CMg + ‘at risk'

44.8 (40.7–49.1)

55.5 (51.3–59.7)

91.1 (89.6–92.4)

87.4 (85.7–89.0)

62.8 (57.8–67.5)

59.6 (55.2–63.9)

83.1 (81.3–84.8)

85.4 (83.7–87.1)

Confirmed CMg + ‘family circumstances'

45.0 (40.8–49.3)

58.2 (54.0–62.4)

91.0 (89.5–92.3)

86.8 (85.1–88.4)

62.6 (57.6–67.3)

59.6 (55.3–63.8)

83.2 (81.4–84.9)

86.1 (84.4–87.7)

Confirmed CMg + ‘other social careh’

54.6 (50.4–58.8)

66.4 (62.2–70.3)

89.5 (87.9–90.9)

86.0 (84.2–87.6)

63.4 (58.9–67.7)

61.3 (57.2–65.2)

85.5 (83.7–87.1)

88.4 (86.7–89.9)

Confirmed CMg + ‘suspected/alleged maltreatment’

43.2 (39.1–47.5)

54.2 (50.0–58.4)

91.3 (89.9–92.6)

87.7 (86.0–89.2)

62.6 (57.5–67.4)

59.6 (55.2–63.9)

82.8 (80.9–84.5)

85.1 (83.3–86.8)

Confirmed CMg + ‘rib/limb fractures’

43.4 (39.2–47.7)

54.4 (50.2–58.6)

91.3 (89.9–92.6)

87.7 (86.0–89.2)

62.7 (57.6–67.5)

59.7 (55.3–64.0)

82.8 (81.0–84.5)

85.2 (83.4–86.8)

Confirmed CMg + ‘assaults’

48.6 (44.4–52.9)

58.8 (54.5–62.9)

91.2 (89.7–92.5)

87.4 (85.7–89.0)

25.1 (23.3–27.0)

25.1 (23.3–27.0)

65.0 (60.1–69.5)

61.0 (56.7–65.1)

Confirmed CMg + all possible CM codes

61.1 (56.9–65.2)

71.8 (67.8–75.5)

89.0 (87.3–90.4)

85.0 (83.2–86.7)

25.1 (23.3–27.0)

25.1 (23.3–27.0)

65.0 (60.7–69.1)

61.6 (57.7–65.3)

  1. aPPV and NPV based on prevalence in validation population.
  2. bCodes present in GP record within 12 months before or after index date.
  3. cCodes present in GP record at any time.
  4. dConfirmed CM codes encompass maltreatment related syndromes, child protection codes, genital mutilation, and prostitution.
  5. ePrevalent case refers to an event independent of whether there has been a previous maltreatment date. All codes including those related to historical maltreatment are included.
  6. fIncident case refers to a new maltreatment event (either first in records or no record within previous 12 months). Codes related to historical maltreatment are excluded.
  7. gConfirmed CM here refers to the prevalence list with historical codes included.
  8. h‘Other social care’ refers to social care codes that do not specific child protection for example ‘child in care’ or ‘social services involved’.
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