Table 5 Detection of the effects of penoxsulam and BBE applications on DNA by comet assay.

From: Monitoring genotoxic, biochemical and morphotoxic potential of penoxsulam and the protective role of European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract

Groups

Head DNA (%)

Tail DNA (%)

Arbitrary unit

Mutagenicity inhibition (%)

Group I

98.37 ± 1.42a

1.63 ± 1.42d

40.50 ± 4.67d

–

Group II

98.44 ± 1.35a

1.56 ± 1.35d

38.60 ± 6.13d

–

Group III

98.46 ± 1.34a

1.54 ± 1.34d

36.10 ± 6.77d

–

Group IV

39.57 ± 22.74d

60.43 ± 22.74a

570.10 ± 28.05a

–

Group V

58.89 ± 22.52c

41.11 ± 22.52b

419.80 ± 36.83b

28.38 ± 3.20a

Group VI

65.23 ± 20.50b

34.77 ± 20.50c

369.40 ± 29.17c

37.90 ± 5.10a

  1. Group I: tap water (control), Group II: 25 mg/L BBE, Group III: 50 mg/L BBE, Group IV: 20 μg/L penoxsulam, Group V: 20 μg/L penoxsulam + 25 mg/L BBE, Group VI: 20 μg/L penoxsulam + 50 mg/L BBE. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The averages shown with different letters in the same column are statistically significant (P < 0.05).
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