Figure 4

Differential gene expression induced by M. fermentans infection. (a) Venn diagram of the number of upregulated (grey, fold change ≥ 2) or downregulated (blue, fold change ≤ 2) genes of M. fermentans-infected differentiated SH-SY5Y cells at 19 dpi compared to 1 dpi or mock controls, determined by RNA-seq. (b) Gene Ontology (GO) biological process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway categories related to upregulated (left grey panel) and downregulated (right blue panel) genes. All GO and KEGG groups were identified according to the EASE score (p ≤ 0.05). (c) Scatter plots of RNA-seq analysis data from (a). (d) Bar graph of indicated gene expression levels normalized against the GAPDH gene in M. fermentans-infected SH-SY5Y cells relative to mock-infected SH-SY5Y cells at 19 dpi, determined by qPCR. Bar graphs present mean values ± SD; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001 (unpaired Student’s t-test). Data are averages of three or more independent experiments.