Table 2 Equivalence analyses and differences between the medians of the tree trunk scenario.

From: Differences in gait parameters when crossing real versus projected everyday life obstacles in healthy children and adolescents

Phase

Parameters

Median [IQR] projected condition

Median [IQR] real condition

Difference between the medians (95% CI)

Reference boundaries from literature37,38

Preparation

Velocity (m/s)

1.57 [1.28; 1.69]

1.57 [1.46; 1.84]

− 0.02 (− 0.12, 0.02)

± 0.14

Step length (m)

0.53 [0.50; 0.58]

0.52 [0.48; 0.58]

0.00 (− 0.03, 0.00)

± 0.04

Execution

Step length (m)

0.62 [0.57; 0.67]

0.62 [0.59; 0.67]

− 0.02 (− 0.04, 0.01)

± 0.04

Step width (m)

− 0.01 [− 0.09; 0.05]

0.03 [− 0.09; 0.06]

− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00)

± 0.01

Stride length (m)

1.15 [1.09; 1.26]

1.16 [1.07; 1.26]

− 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.02)

± 0.07

Toe clearance LL (m)

0.08 [0.07; 0.10]

0.29 [0.28; 0.30]

− 0.20 (− 0.22, − 0.18)

*

Toe clearance TL (m)

0.08 [0.07; 0.10]

0.27 [0.26; 0.28]

− 0.19 (− 0.21, − 0.17)

*

JA ankle min LL (°)

− 17.79 [− 21.51; − 13.26]

− 27.79 [− 32.78; − 23.97]

8.96 (4.59, 11.83)

± 5.91

JA ankle min TL (°)

− 23.31 [− 26.15; − 14.32]

− 21.76 [− 28.43; − 11.50]

1.15 (− 3.34, 3.51)

± 5.91

JA ankle max LL (°)

15.60 [14.33; 17.31]

17.91 [14.14; 19.20]

− 1.19 (− 1.69, − 0.52)

± 4.26

JA ankle max TL (°)

14.75 [12.06; 17.00]

15.06 [12.48; 17.74]

− 0.09 (− 1.94, 1.62)

± 4.26

JA knee max LL (°)

71.26 [67.84; 76.49]

103.21 [97.82; 109.84]

− 34.29 (− 39.40, − 25.78)

± 6.46

JA knee max TL (°)

67.84 [62.46; 74.25]

114.14 [106.86; 122.65]

− 45.47 (− 50.31, − 38.61)

± 6.46

JA hip max LL (°)

46.95 [43.89; 48.64]

74.50 [71.55; 77.59]

− 27.64 (− 32.50, − 25.19)

± 6.82

JA hip max TL (°)

41.85 [37.13; 44.51]

57.29 [51.07; 62.16]

− 14.79 (− 20.70, − 10.19)

± 6.82

Additional parameters

Distance pre tree (m)

0.13 [0.11; 0.16]

0.14 [0.13; 0.17]

− 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01)

–

Distance post tree (m)

0.13 [0.09; 0.17]

0.21 [0.19; 0.22]

− 0.09 (− 0.10, − 0.05)

–

  1. The differences between the medians were calculated by subtracting the real condition from the projected condition. Bold parameters are within the normal test–retest variability found in the literature for spatiotemporal parameters (children 6–7 years and young adults 21–35 years37) and kinematic parameters (children and adolescents 4–17 years38). Please note that the medians of the differences do not necessarily give the same results as when the medians of the projected condition are subtracted from the medians of the real condition.
  2. JA joint angle, LL leading limb, TL trailing limb, IQR interquartile range, CI confidence interval.
  3. *Dependent on obstacle height and directly linked to the maximal knee joint angle.
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