Figure 5

Foot placements and trunk yaw orientation during SW in TD, HE and DI children. (A) Upper panels—spatial distribution of trailing limb foot placements (5MT marker) relative to the leading limb foot position (5MTtr_y vs. 5MTtr_x, frame of reference that originates on the 5MT marker of the leading leg is shown on the top) in all strides of TD, HE and DI children. Each point corresponds to individual steps. Bottom panels: percentage of steps for each child (left) and pie chart that shows the percent of steps of all children (right) with 5MTtr_x < 0 (‘normal’ SW) and 5MTtr_x > 0 (crossing one foot over the other). For children with CP, we also indicated the spasticity (MAS) scores. (B) Trunk (pelvis) yaw orientation at trailing limb foot touchdown as a function of the x-position of the trailing limb foot (5MTtr_x). A similar format as in panel (A). Steps on the bottom were categorized according to the amount of trunk rotation: with trunk yaw < 30° and with trunk yaw > 30°. Children on the bottom plots are ordered (from left to right) according to their age. While the frames of reference in panels (A) and (B) correspond to sideways stepping to the right, the data for right and left SW were pooled together (after an appropriate ‘flipping’ of the left stepping data in such a way that it corresponds to stepping to the right).