Figure 1

(I) shows estimated values of Shannon alpha-diversity of beetles in the tropics and subtropics, (II) shows estimated values of Shannon alpha-diversity of plants in the tropics and subtropics (III) shows estimated values of Simpson alpha-diversity of Beetles in the tropics and subtropics. (IV) shows estimated values of Simpson alpha-diversity of Plants in the tropics and subtropics. The box plots show the medians (horizontal line in box), 50% (the box limits), and 95% of all values (brackets). Wilcoxon tests were conducted to test for differences in alpha-diversity between the tropics and subtropics. ***indicates significant differences in the alpha-diversity of beetles or plants between the tropics and subtropics at P ≤ 0.05.