Table 1 Survey-weighted participant characteristics by socioeconomic status (SES: low, medium, and high) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014.
Characteristics | Total (N = 1313) | Low SES (N = 381) | Medium SES (N = 351) | High SES (N = 581) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | |
Age, years | 69.3 (0.3) | 68.3 (0.4) | 71.2 (0.6) | 68.7 (0.3) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 46.3% | 43.3% | 54.1% | 43.5% |
Female | 53.7% | 56.7% | 45.9% | 56.5% |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 80.6% | 52.7% | 81.7% | 87.8% |
Non-Hispanic Black | 7.8% | 19.8% | 7.3% | 4.6% |
Hispanic | 6.4% | 20.6% | 6.3% | 2.6% |
Non-Hispanic Asian | 3.0% | 4.7% | 1.9% | 3.0% |
Others | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.8% | 2.0% |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | 4.2% | 5.3% | 3.3% | 4.3% |
Married | 62.5% | 41.1% | 64.3% | 67.6% |
Not married* | 33.3% | 53.6% | 32.4% | 28.1% |
Birthplace | ||||
Born in the U.S | 90.8% | 76.0% | 91.6% | 94.5% |
Born outside of the U.S | 9.2% | 24.0% | 8.4% | 5.5% |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 (0.2) | 28.7 (0.5) | 28.2 (0.3) | 27.9 (0.3) |
Lifestyle factors | ||||
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoker | 46.2% | 42.9% | 38.1% | 50.9% |
Former or current smoker | 53.8% | 57.1% | 61.9% | 49.1% |
Alcohol consumption† | ||||
Low or moderate | 83.5% | 90.9% | 87.9% | 79.4% |
High | 16.5% | 9.1% | 12.1% | 20.6% |
Physical activity | ||||
Healthy | 35.7% | 33.3% | 32.0% | 38.1% |
Not healthy | 64.3% | 66.7% | 68.0% | 61.9% |
Healthy eating index | ||||
Healthy | 43.2% | 33.7% | 35.9% | 49.3% |
Not healthy | 56.8% | 66.3% | 64.1% | 50.7% |
Healthy lifestyle score | ||||
0 or 1 healthy behavior | 27.2% | 30.7% | 32.7% | 23.7% |
2 healthy behaviors | 40.0% | 40.1% | 40.9% | 39.5% |
3 or 4 healthy behaviors | 32.8% | 29.2% | 26.4% | 36.8% |
Socioeconomic status | ||||
Income-to-poverty ratio | ||||
≤ 1 | 7.7% | 44.4% | 0.0% | 1.2% |
> 1 and < 4 | 56.2% | 55.6% | 85.8% | 42.4% |
≥ 4 | 36.1% | 0.0% | 14.2% | 56.4% |
Education | ||||
< High school | 13.1% | 45.7% | 21.8% | 0.0% |
High school or equivalent | 21.7% | 19.9% | 51.0% | 8.6% |
≥ College | 65.2% | 34.4% | 27.2% | 91.4% |
Insurance | ||||
Uninsured | 5.3% | 22.4% | 0.7% | 2.7% |
Covered by government | 30.2% | 63.8% | 33.4% | 19.4% |
Covered by private | 25.0% | 4.5% | 17.8% | 34.0% |
Covered by both | 39.5% | 9.3% | 48.1% | 43.9% |
Food security | ||||
Full food security | 89.4% | 43.7% | 96.3% | 98.7% |
Having food insecurity | 10.6% | 56.3% | 3.7% | 1.3% |
Occupation | ||||
Blue collar‡ | 31.9% | 68.5% | 65.4% | 6.0% |
White collar§ | 66.0% | 26.9% | 31.4% | 93.1% |
Not in labor force¶ | 2.0% | 4.0% | 3.1% | 0.9% |
Unemployed | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 0.0% |
