Table 2 Survey-weighted participant characteristics by healthy lifestyle score (HLS: 0 or 1 healthy behavior; 2 healthy behaviors; 3 or 4 healthy behaviors) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014.
Characteristics | Total (N = 1313) | 0 or 1 healthy behavior (N = 341) | 2 healthy behaviors (N = 512) | 3 or 4 healthy behaviors (N = 460) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | |
Age, years | 69.3 (0.3) | 68.7 (0.4) | 69.1 (0.4) | 70.0 (0.4) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 46.3% | 50.1% | 46.7% | 42.8% |
Female | 53.7% | 49.9% | 53.3% | 57.2% |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 80.6% | 83.7% | 81.1% | 77.3% |
Non-Hispanic Black | 7.8% | 8.4% | 7.3% | 7.7% |
Hispanic | 6.4% | 4.7% | 6.4% | 8.0% |
Non-Hispanic Asian | 3.0% | 1.1% | 2.0% | 5.8% |
Others | 2.2% | 2.1% | 3.2% | 1.2% |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | 4.2% | 3.7% | 5.7% | 2.9% |
Married | 62.5% | 59.6% | 60.7% | 67.1% |
Not married* | 33.3% | 36.7% | 33.6% | 30.0% |
Birthplace | ||||
Born in the U.S | 90.8% | 93.1% | 93.5% | 85.6% |
Born outside of the U.S | 9.2% | 6.9% | 6.5% | 14.4% |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 (0.2) | 28.5 (0.4) | 29.0 (0.4) | 26.8 (0.3) |
Lifestyle factors | ||||
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoker | 46.2% | 94.4% | 54.3% | 19.5% |
Former or current smoker | 53.8% | 5.6% | 45.7% | 80.5% |
Alcohol consumption† | ||||
Low or moderate | 83.5% | 60.5% | 87.8% | 97.3% |
High | 16.5% | 39.5% | 12.2% | 2.7% |
Physical activity | ||||
Healthy | 35.7% | 8.7% | 28.8% | 66.6% |
Not healthy | 64.3% | 91.3% | 71.2% | 33.4% |
Healthy eating index | ||||
Healthy | 43.2% | 12.4% | 37.7% | 75.5% |
Not healthy | 56.8% | 87.6% | 62.3% | 24.5% |
Socioeconomic status | ||||
Income-to-poverty ratio | ||||
≤ 1 | 7.7% | 8.5% | 7.8% | 6.9% |
> 1 and < 4 | 56.2% | 61.6% | 54.8% | 53.2% |
≥ 4 | 36.1% | 29.9% | 37.4% | 39.9% |
Education | ||||
< High school | 13.1% | 16.2% | 12.1% | 11.7% |
High school or equivalent | 21.7% | 22.8% | 23.6% | 18.6% |
≥ College | 65.2% | 61.0% | 64.3% | 69.7% |
Insurance | ||||
Uninsured | 5.3% | 4.1% | 8.2% | 2.7% |
Covered by government | 30.2% | 30.9% | 28.0% | 32.3% |
Covered by private | 25.0% | 22.9% | 26.0% | 25.5% |
Covered by both | 39.5% | 42.1% | 37.8% | 39.5% |
Food security | ||||
Full food security | 89.4% | 89.2% | 89.4% | 89.4% |
Having food insecurity | 10.6% | 10.8% | 10.6% | 10.6% |
Occupation | ||||
Blue collar‡ | 31.9% | 38.6% | 30.0% | 28.5% |
White collar§ | 66.0% | 59.6% | 68.5% | 68.4% |
Not in labor force¶ | 2.0% | 1.7% | 1.3% | 3.1% |
Unemployed | 0.1% | 0.09% | 0.2% | 0.06% |
SES components | ||||
Low SES | 15.8% | 17.9% | 15.8% | 14.1% |
Medium SES | 26.8% | 32.2% | 27.5% | 21.6% |
High SES | 57.4% | 49.9% | 56.7% | 64.3% |
