Table 3 Diet composition for experimental treatments (as-is basis, %, otherwise as indicated). The diets were formulated using a feed formulation software (Concept 5, CFC Tech Services, Inc., USA). aControl diet based on common feed ingredients to mimic commercial layer hen feed. bFood waste diet based on recycled food waste materials. A 50:50 treatment was made by blending the control diet and food waste diet together (50% each in weight). cFish offal and spent brewers grain blend was made by blending fish offal and spent brewers grain together (50% each in volume). dEconase XT, 25, AB Vista eQuantum Blue 5G Layers, AB Vista. fThe composition of vitamin-mineral premix per kilogram diet was similar to that reported in to Dao et al.21. gAMEn: N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy. hSID: Standardized ileal digestibility. Digestible amino acid coefficients of conventional feed ingredients were determined by Near-Infra Red spectroscopy (Foss NIR 6500, Denmark) standardized with Evonik AMINONIR Advanced calibration.
From: Feeding recycled food waste improved feed efficiency in laying hens from 24 to 43 weeks of age
Dietary treatment | 24 to 37 week | 38 to 43 week | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controla | Food wasteb | 50:50 blend | Control | Food waste | 50:50 blend | |
Ingredients | ||||||
Wheat | 40.75 | 0.00 | 20.38 | 46.30 | 0.00 | 23.15 |
Sorghum | 20.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 |
Soybean meal | 13.51 | 0.00 | 6.76 | 9.63 | 0.00 | 4.82 |
Canola meal | 10.00 | 0.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 | 5.00 |
Commercial meat and bone meal | 2.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.11 | 0.00 | 1.56 |
Canola oil | 2.96 | 0.00 | 1.48 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.28 |
Limestone | 9.60 | 0.00 | 4.80 | 9.80 | 0.00 | 4.90 |
Di-calcium phosphate | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Salt | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
Vegetable and fruit meal | 0.00 | 5.00 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 5.00 | 2.50 |
Spent brewers grain | 0.00 | 34.90 | 17.45 | 0.00 | 28.19 | 14.10 |
Fish offal and spent brewers grain blendc | 0.00 | 15.00 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 15.00 | 7.50 |
Hospital and nursing home meal | 0.00 | 15.00 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 15.00 | 7.50 |
Pub and restaurant meal | 0.00 | 3.11 | 1.56 | 0.00 | 2.81 | 1.41 |
Recycled meat and bone meal | 0.00 | 8.30 | 4.15 | 0.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 |
Bakery meal | 0.00 | 16.84 | 8.42 | 0.00 | 19.31 | 9.66 |
Oyster shell meal | 0.00 | 1.28 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 6.16 | 3.08 |
Choline Cl 70% | 0.061 | 0.268 | 0.165 | 0.066 | 0.268 | 0.167 |
L-lysine HCl | 0.073 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.060 | 0.000 | 0.030 |
D,L-methionine | 0.169 | 0.166 | 0.168 | 0.139 | 0.130 | 0.135 |
L-threonine | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Xylanased | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Phytasee | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Pigment jabiru red | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Pigment jabiru yellow | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Antioxidant | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.025 |
Vitamin-mineral premixf | 0.100 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 0.100 | 0.100 |
Calculated composition | ||||||
AMEng, kcal/kg | 2800 | 2800 | 2800 | 2700 | 2700 | 2700 |
Crude protein | 17.80 | 25.57 | 21.69 | 17.00 | 24.10 | 20.55 |
Crude fat | 5.28 | 13.44 | 9.36 | 3.05 | 12.83 | 7.94 |
Crude fiber | 2.78 | 8.91 | 5.85 | 2.79 | 7.87 | 5.33 |
SIDh arginine | 0.945 | 0.962 | 0.954 | 0.872 | 0.913 | 0.893 |
SID lysine | 0.780 | 0.808 | 0.794 | 0.700 | 0.761 | 0.731 |
SID methionine | 0.420 | 0.445 | 0.433 | 0.380 | 0.398 | 0.389 |
SID cysteine | 0.298 | – | – | 0.290 | – | – |
SID methionine + cysteine | 0.719 | 0.670 | 0.695 | 0.671 | 0.600 | 0.636 |
SID tryptophan | 0.213 | 0.193 | 0.203 | 0.198 | 0.183 | 0.191 |
SID histidine | 0.378 | – | – | 0.352 | – | – |
SID phenylalanine | 0.707 | – | – | 0.656 | – | – |
SID leucine | 1.196 | 1.333 | 1.265 | 1.125 | – | – |
SID isoleucine | 0.630 | 0.739 | 0.685 | 0.583 | 0.690 | 0.637 |
SID threonine | 0.560 | 0.613 | 0.587 | 0.507 | 0.578 | 0.543 |
SID valine | 0.733 | 0.962 | 0.848 | 0.691 | 0.894 | 0.793 |
Calcium | 4.200 | 4.200 | 4.200 | 4.257 | 5.900 | 5.079 |
Available phosphorus | 0.450 | 1.020 | 0.735 | 0.400 | 0.992 | 0.696 |
Sodium | 0.180 | 0.450 | 0.315 | 0.170 | 0.480 | 0.325 |
Potassium | 0.704 | – | – | 0.649 | – | – |
Chloride | 0.222 | – | – | 0.201 | – | – |
Choline, mg/kg | 1.400 | 1.400 | 1400 | 1.400 | 1.400 | 1400 |
Linoleic acid | 1.582 | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
