Table 11 Comparison of maximum adsorption capacity of 4-chlorophenol between various adsorbents.
Adsorbents | C0 (mg/L) | pH | Dosage (g/L) | Isotherm | Kinetic | Qm (mg/g) | Removal percentage (%) | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NaOH-treated CSBAC | 100 | 2 | 6 | Langmuir (R2: 0.9908) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.9924) | 85.79 | 91 | |
2 | HNO3-oxidized CSBAC | 100 | 2 | 6 | Langmuir (R2: 0.9844) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.9965) | 61.24 | 60 | |
3 | TiO2-coated CSBAC | 100 | 2 | 6 | Langmuir (R2: 0.9857) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.9981) | 81.46 | 72.8 | |
4 | Modified CSAC (coconut shell activated carbon) | 50 | 2 | 5 | Freundlich (R2: 0.983) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.9981) | 72.77 | 99.9 | |
5 | EFB ammonia-modified activated carbon | 25 | 2 | 3 | Langmuir (R2: 0.99) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.99) | 285.71 | 97.24 | |
6 | EFB phosphoric acid -modified activated carbon | 25 | 2 | 2 | Langmuir (R2: 0.962) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.991) | 232.56 | 98.11 | |
7 | Croton caudatus activated carbon | 80 | 3 | 0.15 | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | – | 97.23 | |
9 | Nanosized activated carbons (bamboo and trees) | 100 | 7 | 0.2 | Freundlich (R2:0.989) | Pseudo-second-order | 220.6 | 80 | |
10 | Nanosized activated carbons (coconut shell charcoal) | 100 | 7 | 0.2 | Freundlich (R2:0.988) | Pseudo-second-order | 211.7 | 80 | |
11 | Red mud | 60 | 5 | 10 | Langmuir (R2: 0.99) | Pseudo-second-order | 36.2 | 97 | |
12 | Present study | 110 | 3 | 0.55 | Freundlich (R2: 0.967) | Pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.996) | 316.1 | 95.352 | - |
