Figure 5

Heat maps visualizing the correlation between soil parameters, ammonia-oxidizing microbial abundance, α-diversity, and predominant taxa. Correlation coefficient values are color-coded in the corresponding heat map legends. **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05 indicate significant correlation effects at different significance levels. EC: electrical conductivity; TC: total carbon; TN: total nitrogen; AP: available phosphorus; AK: available potassium; TOC: total organic carbon.