Table 1 Some mycotoxins detected in Ghanaian staple foodstuffs, spices, and spice mixtures kept under normal tropic ambient conditions.
Food products | Mycotoxin detected | Fungus | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Maize grains (whole) | Aflatoxins | Aspergillus flavus | |
Ochratoxins | Aspergillus carbonarius, Penicillium verucosum | ||
Maize powder | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Fermented maize | Fumonisins | Fusarium verticillioides | |
Aflatoxins | A. flavus | ||
Kenkey | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Ice kenkey | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Weanimix cereals | Fumonisins | Fusarium verticillioides | |
Aflatoxin | A. flavus | ||
Maize-groundnut mix | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Dry cassava products | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Kokonte | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Cassava flour | Sterigmatocystin | A. versicolor | |
Tentazonic acid | Alternaria spp. | ||
Cyclopiazonic acid | Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. | ||
Penicillinic acid | |||
Patulin | |||
Cereals | Aflatoxins | A.flavus | |
Peanut/groundnuts | Aflatoxins | A.flavus | |
Raw cow milk | Aflatoxin M1 | A. flavus | |
‘Brukina’ (fermented millet based milk beverage) | Aflatoxin M1 | A. flavus | |
‘Wagashie’ (traditional soft cottage cheese) | Aflatoxin M1 | A. flavus | |
Aqueous extract of fruit of pepper, okra, tomato | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Millet | Aflatoxins | ||
Seasoning powder spices | N.D | A. flavus, Penicillium spp | |
Spice and spice products | N.D | A. flavus, Penicillium spp | |
Kebab spice mix | Aflatoxins | Miscellaneous including A. flavus | |
Spices and herbs | Aflatoxins | Miscellaneous including A.flavus and Fusarium sp. | |
Fruits and Vegetables | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Nuts and oils | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Plantains | Fumonisins | Fusarium sp. | |
Ochratoxins | Penicillium sp. | ||
Cocoa beans | Aflatoxins | A. flavus | |
Ochratoxins | A. carbonarius | ||
Animal feed | Aflatoxins | A. flavus |
