Table 2 Linear mixed model results considering the whole sample (n = 356 students).

From: Improving stress management, anxiety, and mental well-being in medical students through an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention: a randomized study

All sample (cohort 1 + cohort 2) (n = 356 students)

Questionnaire

β time*group [95%CI]

Adjusted p-value

Effect size (Hedges’s)

STAIX-1

− 2.23 [− 4.94; 0.49]

0.11

− 0.16 (negligible)

PSS

− 2.57 [− 4.02; − 1.12]

0.004

− 0.36 (small)

WEMWBS

2.82 [1.02; 4.63]

0.008

0.33 (small)

MW-S

− 0.70 [− 0.99; − 0.39]

0.0001

− 0.47 (small)

PANAS Positive

1.84 [0.45; 3.23]

0.02

0.27 (small)

PANAS Negative

− 2.04 [− 3.69; − 0.40]

0.02

− 0.25 (small)

DERS All items

− 8.24 [− 12.98; − 3.51]

0.004

− 0.37 (small)

DERS Lack of acceptance

− 1.04 [− 2.76; − 0.05]

0.04

− 0.23 (small)

DERS Difficulties in distraction

− 1.07 [− 2.04; − 0.11]

0.04

− 0.24 (small)

DERS Lack of trust

− 2.10 [− 3.48; − 0.72]

0.008

− 0.33 (small)

DERS Lack of control

− 1.31 [− 2.49; − 0.13]

0.04

− 0.23 (small)

DERS Difficulties in recognition

− 1.55 [− 2.62; − 0.48]

0.01

− 0.29 (small)

DERS Reduced self-awareness

− 0.80 [− 1.39; − 0.22]

0.01

− 0.28 (small)

RS-14

3.79 [1.32; 6.26]

0.008

0.32 (small)

AC-S

− 0.23 [− 0.44; − 0.02]

0.04

− 0.22 (small)

AC-D

− 0.19 [− 0.36; − 0.01]

0.04

− 0.22 (small)

  1. For each questionnaire and subscale β coefficient of time*group interaction with its 95% CI, and p-value are reported together with the Hedges’s effect size.
  2. All the models were adjusted for age, sex, previous meditation experience, the baseline value of STAI-X2, the cohort variables and the propensity score (PS) comprising 8 possible additional confounding variables (i.e., university, course language, academic course year, housing situation, work, sport activities, feeling stressed due to covid situation, feel competition among students).
  3. Significant values are in bold.
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