Table 2 Effect of manganese (Mn) and manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs) on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus for a period of 96 h.

Control (Mn-0, Mn-NPs-0)

10.73a ± 1.40

7.20a ± 1.41

10.14a ± 2.39

11.86a ± 1.41

49.26a ± 1.61

35.35a ± 1.05

48.48a ± 1.62

40.30a ± 0.83

Mn-110

22.38c ± 1.03

16.51b ± 1.89

16.96c ± 2.09

17.17b ± 2.13

65.42d ± 2.44

40.19b ± 3.0

71.49e ± 0.69

41.87a ± 1.48

Mn-111

21.42c ± 1.16

20.99c ± 1.23

19.49d ± 1.08

17.98b ± 1.68

69.26e ± 1.96

39.46b ± 0.95

72.01e ± 1.29

43.34ab ± 2.15

Mn-112

27.19d ± 2.64

26.64d ± 1.97

26.04f ± 1.34

22.01c ± 2.42

67.97de ± 2.76

40.15b ± 0.95

69.97e ± 0.81

50.34c ± 1.56

Mn-113

27.57d ± 2.44

29.88de ± 1.25

28.05g ± 1.42

26.21d ± 1.53

67.71de ± 3.55

40.56b ± 1.19

69.21e ± 1.93

46.33b ± 4.04

Mn-114

37.56f ± 2.45

32.77e ± 1.40

26.87f ± 1.71

28.63e ± 2.44

71.38e ± 1.93

42.74b ± 1.04

66.5d ± 1.59

45.36b ± 1.60

Mn-NPs-91

15.38b ± 2.56

15.95b ± 1.71

13.26b ± 2.4

17.29b ± 1.66

70.20de ± 3.64

42.23b ± 2.05

71.49e ± 3.10

44.33ab ± 2.73

Mn-NPs-92

16.88b ± 2.10

21.30c ± 3.08

19.22d ± 2.48

20.09c ± 1.58

56.38b ± 2.09

33.58ab ± 1.26

62.86c ± 1.06

42.03ab ± 1.57

Mn-NPs-93

32.62e ± 2.0

22.25c ± 2.37

23.08e ± 2.50

21.80c ± 2.18

58.37b ± 1.70

35.98ab ± 2.06

57.51b ± 1.27

43.11ab ± 0.65

Mn-NPs-94

37.60f ± 2.6

28.19de ± 2.12

26.98f ± 2.48

23.36 cd ± 2.94

59.24c ± 1.22

36.68ab ± 1.46

58.65b ± 1.42

42.95ab ± 1.05

Mn-NPs-95

35.41ef ± 2.14

29.34de ± 3.03

28.06g ± 1.94

25.36d ± 2.52

58.90c ± 1.40

37.23ab ± 1.74

57.96b ± 1.92

39.81a ± 1.55

p-value

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01