Table 4 Participants’ NASA-TLX scores.
From: The effects of text direction of different text lengths on Chinese reading
Dimension | Long text | Short text | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Horizontal | Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical | ||
Mental demand | Mean | 13.82 | 16.32 | 13.00 | 14.41 |
SD | 3.688 | 3.435 | 3.482 | 5.123 | |
Text length (P) | 0.003 | ||||
Text direction (P) | 0.027 | ||||
Text length*Text direction (P) | 0.221 | ||||
Physical demand | Mean | 9.76 | 12.56 | 8.38 | 11.32 |
SD | 4.973 | 4.962 | 4.236 | 5.139 | |
Text length (P) | 0.030 | ||||
Text direction (P) | 0.006 | ||||
Text length*text direction (P) | 0.901 | ||||
Temporal demand | Mean | 9.35 | 12.21 | 8.56 | 10.88 |
SD | 4.396 | 3.945 | 4.032 | 4.971 | |
Text length (P) | 0.043 | ||||
Text direction (P) | 0.007 | ||||
Text length*text direction (P) | 0.899 | ||||
Performance | Mean | 9.79 | 8.68 | 9.74 | 10.53 |
SD | 4.154 | 3.616 | 3.934 | 4.223 | |
Text length (P) | 0.123 | ||||
Text direction (P) | 0.836 | ||||
Text length*text direction (P) | 0.101 | ||||
Effort | Mean | 13.74 | 14.71 | 13.29 | 13.62 |
SD | 3.646 | 3.623 | 3.344 | 4.818 | |
Text length (P) | 0.126 | ||||
Text direction (P) | 0.425 | ||||
Text length*text direction (P) | 0.514 | ||||
Frustration | Mean | 11.79 | 12.97 | 11.15 | 11.29 |
SD | 4.772 | 5.828 | 4.201 | 5.750 | |
Text length (P) | 0.086 | ||||
Text direction (P) | 0.537 | ||||
Text length*text direction (P) | 0.443 | ||||
